高考科目设置和计分方式的历史回顾与现实反思  

Review and Reflection on Subject Setting and Scoring Method of the Gaokao

作　　者：宋吉祥 SONG Jixiang(Anhui Education Examinations Authority,Hefei 230022,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省教育招生考试院,合肥230022

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第11期11-19,共9页journal of China Examinations

摘　　要：新一轮高考改革中选考科目设置和计分方式的调整引起了广泛关注和讨论。本文回顾了这两个方面的改革历程,并对存在的现实问题进行反思,提出在“十四五”教育改革整体布局下,高考改革应从全局出发,分步骤、分阶段逐步增加考试科目;依据学校类型、专业设置、学科属性等分层分类实施高校专业的限选科目设置;聚焦学科核心素养构建学业评价体系,形成过程性评价与终结性评价相结合的多层面、综合性评价;研究等值技术建立客观的分数等级标准;根据高校专业特点设立弹性的考试科目计分机制,推进多元评价招生等。The adjustment to subject setting and scoring method in the new round of Gaokao reform has aroused widespread concern and discussion.This paper reviews the reform process in these areas and examines the ongoing challenges.It proposes that reforming the subject setting and scoring method alone is insufficient to resolve the impasse within the broader context of educational reforms during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.To advance Gaokao reform effectively,a holistic approach is needed,including a phased increase in the number of examination subjects.Subject selection requirements for college majors should be implemented in a tiered and categorized approach,considering factors such as school type,major settings,and disciplinary attributes.The focus should be put on building an academic evaluation system that emphasizes core competencies within each discipline,forming a multi-faceted,comprehensive evaluation that integrates formative and summative assessments.Objective grading standards should be established through research into equivalency technology.Additionally,a flexible scoring mechanism tailored to the specific characteristics of college majors is essential to promote diversified evaluation methods in admissions.

关 键 词：高考改革 教育评价改革 科目设置 计分方式 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]