《诗》教传统与宋代理学家“温柔敦厚”诗学审美理想的生成  

The Instruction Tradition of the Book of Songsand the Formation of the“Gentle and Honest”Poetic Aesthetic Ideal ofNeo-Confucianists in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：王培友[1] 薛振宇 WANG Pei-you;XUE Zhen-yu

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学文学院,北京100083 [2]新兴际华集团综合部,北京100020

出　　处：《北方论丛》2024年第6期83-96,共14页The Northern Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金:重点项目“元代理学诗文献集成与研究”(21AZW009);北京语言大学重大专项项目“中国历代理学文论集成与研究”(20ZDJ02)。

摘　　要：传统儒家“温柔敦厚《诗》教传统”向后世“温柔敦厚诗学观”的发展、定型,表征着儒家政教传统对于文学艺术具有重要而直接的影响。由“尚中”“尚和”观念发展而来的儒家“中庸”思想、与其同样有着“尚中”“尚和”基因的“诗言志”“比兴”传统,以及由孔子提出而得到后儒发挥的“兴观群怨”诗教传统等,均与“温柔敦厚《诗》教观”紧密相关。宋代理学家在承继汉唐诸儒“温柔敦厚审美理想”的同时,于众多方面发挥、转移了其主要观点,并在他们的诗歌书写中得到较为充分的表达:理学家诗人在作者感情、态度等方面推崇中和、中节而不过分;其理学诗作重视诗歌讽谏和感兴志意作用,强调以理、礼、性、道、仁等“节之”,关注“情性”及“心性存养”等。The development and formation of the traditional Confucian“‘Mild,Gentle,Sincere,and Broad minded’teaching tradition of the Book of Songs”into the later“‘gentle and honest’poetic view”represents the important and direct influence of the Confucian political and religious tradition on literature and art.Not only is Confucian’s moderation originated from“aspiration for moderation”and“aspiration for harmony”,poetic traditions like“Poetry expresses aspirations”,“Bixing(metaphor and analogy)”also have its meme.“Stimulation,contemplation,communications,and criticism”poetry instruction traditions proposed by Confucius and developed by later Confucian scholars as basic functions and values of poetry,which is closely correlated with the poetry instruction of“gentle and honest”,together with the aforementioned doctrine and traditions.Song-Dynasty Neo-Confucianists not only inherited“gentle and honest”Poetic Aesthetic Ideal of Han and Tang dynasties,but also gave full play to its various aspects and shifted its focuses,demonstrating them in their poems composition sufficiently.In terms of the author’s sentiment and attitude,the Neo-Confucianists poets promoted neutralization,balance and abstinence.Their Neo-Confucian poems emphasize the role of poetry in satire and admonition,and in inspiring people’s aspirations and accentuate Li(universal laws),ritual,nature,Dao(general laws),Ren(Benevolence)to make adjustments.They also focus on“emotional nature”and“mind nature preservation”.

关 键 词：诗教 宋代 理学 温柔敦厚 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K244[历史地理—历史学]