论中国古代教育家的实践智慧——以好教师与好学生为原型的考察  

The Practical Wisdom of Ancient Chinese Educators:Exploring the Archetypes of Exemplary Teachers and Students

作　　者：孙杰[1] SUN Jie(College of Educational Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学教育科学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第6期23-32,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学一般课题“中国古代教育经典文本研究的双重路径”(BOA200047)。

摘　　要：新时代的教育家精神是对中国古代为学与为教、成己与成人师道精神的优良传承。孔子作为好教师的典范,存在于孔门弟子及孔门后学心中,并伴随着儒学地位的提升而逐渐发展成为全社会好教师形象的代表。仁智统一的学不厌与教不倦,在形式上表现为好学和善教,究其实质就是学为圣仁而不厌且教为圣仁而不倦。颜渊作为孔门弟子中好学生形象的代表,具有不违、善学、安贫、尚德的人格特征。孔颜乐处这一命题,经周敦颐、程颢、程颐、朱熹及王阳明等宋明学者的阐发,最终成为儒家学者所追求的最高精神境界。好教师与好学生构成的儒家理想教学活动,依循有序、善诱的教学工夫而达成欲罢不能的教学境界,体现了为学与为教、成己与成人之间的双重变奏及实践旨趣,这就是中国古代教育家的实践智慧。The ethos of contemporary educators is deeply rooted in the enduring spirit of ancient Chinese learning and teaching,emphasizing personal growth and maturity.Confucius stands as the quintessential model of a good teacher,revered by his disciples and scholars alike,and has evolved into a societal archetype through the dissemination of Confucian ideals.The Confucian ideal of tireless dedication to learning and teaching,rooted in the unity of benevolence and wisdom,manifests as an eagerness to learn and a talent for instruction.At its core,this ideal represents an unwavering commitment to self⁃improvement and the betterment of others for benevolence.Yan Hui(颜渊),a prominent figure among Confucius’s disciples,embodies the ideal student,distinguished by his enjoying the righteous way,unwavering dedication to learning,virtuous character,and resilience in the face of adversity.The interpretations of Confucius and Yan Hui’s contentment philosophies by Song and Ming Dynasty scholars—such as Zhou Dunyi(周敦颐),Cheng Hao(程颢),Cheng Yi(程颐),Zhu Xi(朱熹),and Wang Yangming(王阳明)—culminate in a vision of the highest spiritual aspirations for Confucian scholars.This ideal of teaching,characterized by the dynamic interplay between exemplary teachers and devoted students,is realized through structured,skillful,and patient educational practices.The reciprocal relationship between learning and teaching and the dual journey of self-realization and maturity encapsulates the practical wisdom of ancient Chinese educators.

关 键 词：古代教育家 好教师 好学生 好教学 实践智慧 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]