引领哈佛大学走向现代化——埃利奥特大学治理体系改革的思想与实践  

Charles W.Eliot’s Administrative Revolution:Transforming Harvard Through Democratic Governance and Academic Freedom

作　　者：张斌贤[1] 刘春华[2] ZHANG Binxian;LIU Chunhua(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]江西师范大学教育学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第6期33-43,共11页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

摘　　要：查尔斯·埃利奥特是美国19世纪著名教育家和改革家,成功引领了哈佛大学的现代化改革,在美国高等教育史上具有重要地位和影响。大学治理改革是埃利奥特教育改革思想和实践的重要组成部分,其核心原则是民主和自由,重视情感的作用。埃利奥特建立了以董事会、监事会、校长、院长(系主任)和教师为主体的大学治理体系,建立和完善了大学组织机构体系,全面推行选修制,坚持高水平办学,倡导和维护学术自由,解放了高等教育,不仅促进了哈佛大学治理体系的现代化进程,而且对美国和世界各国大学治理体系现代化改革产生了广泛深远影响。Charles W.Eliot’s forty⁃year presidency(1869-1909)marked a pivotal transformation in American higher education,as he engineered Harvard University’s evolution from a traditional college into a modern research university.This paper analyzes Eliot’s revolutionary approach to university administration,which established foundational principles for institutional governance that continue to influence higher education globally.Our research examines three key dimensions of Eliot’s administrative reforms:the establishment of a multi-tiered governance structure(incorporating the Corporation,the Board of Overseers,president,deans,and faculty),the implementation of the elective system,and the institutionalization of academic freedom.This study demonstrates how his reform philosophy synthesized democratic principles,administrative efficiency,and intellectual liberty,highlighting the importance of emotional engagement.His reforms not only revolutionized Harvard’s organizational structure but also established a model for university governance that was widely emulated across American higher education and internationally.

关 键 词：查尔斯·埃利奥特 哈佛大学 大学治理 学术自由 美国高等教育 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]