朱熹论《易传》“继善成性”——及其与孟子言性善的异同  

Zhu Xi's Discussion on“ji shan cheng xing”继善成性in Yizhuan:And the Differences and Similarities with the Theory of“Goodness of Human Nature”in Mencius

作　　者：乐爱国 LE Ai-guo

机构地区：[1]福建省社科研究基地武夷学院朱子学研究中心,福建武夷山354300 [2]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《周易研究》2024年第5期67-76,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:“明清朱子学通史”(21&ZD051)。

摘　　要：《易传·系辞》所言“继之者善也,成之者性也”历来为儒家所重视,诸家有不同的解读,至今仍众说不一。不同于古代大多数儒者将其与孟子言性善联系在一起,朱熹的解读强调二者的区别,理由有四:其一,《系辞》所言是就天地生成万物而言“纯粹至善”,孟子则是“就人身上说性”而言性善;其二,《系辞》所言是“善在先,性在后”,而孟子言性善是“性在先,善在后”;其三,《系辞》所言是就天道流行处而言,孟子言性善只是就人性流出处而言;其四,《系辞》所言由天道流行生成万物而讲人物之性,孟子言性善“不曾推原原头”。因此,朱熹不赞同将“继善成性”等同于孟子言性善,而是看作孟子所言性善的源头。The statement“the succeeded is goodness and the accomplished is human nature”继之者善也,成之者性也in Xici(Commentary on the Appended Phrases)has always been valued by Confucianism,with different interpretations from various schools of thought,and there are still different opinions today.Unlike the interpretations of most Confucians,which mostly linked the concept of ji shan cheng xing继善成性(succeeding goodness and accomplishing human nature)in the Yi zhuan(Commentaries on the Changes)with Mencius'statement of goodness of human nature,Zhu Xi's(1130-1200)interpretation emphasizes the difference between the two for four reasons.First,the former refers to the generation of things by the Heaven and Earth,which is“pure supreme goodness”,while the latter concerns the good human nature based on human beings themselves;Second,in ji shan cheng xin,goodness precedes human nature,while in Mencius's adherence human nature precedes goodness;Third,the former refers to the prevalence of the Heavenly Dao,which is different from Mencius's emphasis on the prevalence of human nature;Fourth,the former talks about human nature from the circulating and generating of all things of Heavenly Dao,while the latter“never traces back to the original source”.Therefore,Zhu Xi did not agree with equating ji shan cheng xing with Mencius'statement that human nature is good,but rather regarded it as the source of Menciu'statement.

关 键 词：朱熹 继善成性 孟子 程颢 性善论 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]