涡流发生器安装角度对高速列车尾车气动特性影响研究  

Effect of vortex generators’installation angle on the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train’s tail car

作　　者：杜健 张亮 田洪雷[1] 黄凤仪 张洁 DU Jian;ZHANG Liang;TIAN Honglei;HUANG Fengyi;ZHANG Jie(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Railway Industry of Aerodynamics,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学空气动力学铁路行业重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第10期3969-3977,共9页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52372370);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(P2021J035)。

摘　　要：更高速度运行给高速列车尾车的平稳性和安全性带来了更大挑战,亟待开展尾车气动减阻降升技术研究。通过抑制高速列车尾涡结构的发展,探究涡流发生器控制下高速列车尾部流场结构的变化和其气动性能的改变。采用数值仿真方法研究3种不同角度涡流发生器对高速列车尾部流场的影响,分析涡流发生器作用下高速列车尾部表面压力分布以及周围流场速度变化规律,确定列车明线运行尾涡控制的涡流发生器安装角度。研究结果表明:涡流发生器提升了高速列车尾车流线型头部区域表面压力,并对列车尾流区域流场产生了显著影响,减小了列车的压差阻力和气动升力。尾车鼻尖点附近低速区域远离鼻尖点,并向更远处发展。随着安装角度增加,涡流发生器生成的漩涡结构对高速列车尾涡的作用更加明显,尾车表面压力提升的面积也逐渐扩大。3种不同角度的涡流发生器对高速列车的尾涡均有抑制作用:安装角为75°时,尾车气动减阻3.94%、升力减少22.69%;安装角为60°时,尾车气动减阻2.78%,升力减少20.82%;安装角为45°时,尾车气动减阻1.47%,升力减少14.46%。提出的涡流发生器抑控方法可有效减弱高速列车尾涡强度,改善尾车流线型区域压力分布,继而改善尾车气动性能。研究成果可为更高速列车的尾迹流动研究提供参考。The higher-speed operation poses a greater challenge to the stability and safety of the tail car of highspeed trains;therefore,it is urgent to carry out research on the aerodynamic drag reduction and lift reduction technology for the tail car.This paper explored the changes in the flow structure and aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains under the control of vortex generators by suppressing the development of wake vortex structures.By using numerical simulation methods,the influence of vortex generators at three different angles on the flow field at the rear of the high-speed train was studied,the corresponding surface pressure distribution and surrounding velocity changes were analyzed,and the installation angle of vortex generators for controlling the tail vortex during train operating in open air was determined.The results show that the vortex generators enhance the surface pressure on the streamlined head of the tail car and have a significant impact on the wake flow region,reducing the pressure drag and lift force of the train.The low-speed area moves far away from the nose tip of the tail car and develops further away.As the installation angle increases,the effect of the vortex structure generated by vortex generators on the high-speed train tail vortex becomes more obvious,and the area of pressure increase on the tail car surface gradually enlarges.The vortex generators at three different angles suppressed effects on the wake vortex of high-speed trains.When the installation angle was 75°,the aerodynamic drag reduction of the tail car was 3.94%,and the corresponding lift force reduction was 22.69%.When the installation angle was 60°,the aerodynamic drag reduction of the tail car was 2.78%,and the lift force reduction was 20.82%.When the installation angle was 45°,the aerodynamic drag reduction of the tail car was 1.47%,and the lift force reduction was 14.46%.The proposed vortex generator suppression method can effectively weaken the wake vortex strength of high-speed trains,improve the pressure di

关 键 词：高速列车 涡流发生器 气动减阻 气动降升 尾部流场 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]