汉语字词释义法例说  

Word Interpretation Methods and Illustrations of Chinese

作　　者：刘俊一 Liu Junyi(School of Education,Qingdao Technical College,Qingdao 266555,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛职业技术学院教育学院,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第8期4-11,共8页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：在前人研究的基础上,提炼并归纳出四种广泛运用的、带有规律性的字词释义方法:综合考察定音义、语法分析明音义、借用方言补音义、互相比较正音义,为解读汉字形、音、义及其之间的关系提供门径。其中,运用综合考察的方法,分别对“忒捻”之“捻”的字音、字形、字义进行阐释,研究发现,“忒捻”的词义是特别可体,而不是通常解释的特别美丽。运用语法分析的方法,对“跌弹斑鸠”进行探讨,它是指“跌了弹的斑鸠”,而不是中弹落地的斑鸠。运用借用方言的方法,对元明以来的“合气”一词进行分析,研究显示,方言中的“合气”应读作géqì,意思是“斗气,惹气”。运用互相比较的方法,对元明清戏曲小说中的“跚”“躧”“跴”“踩”进行考察,这些词语均表践踏义,都读作cǎi,并梳理了它们之间的内在逻辑关联和发展演变的路径。Based on previous research,this paper refines and summarizes four widely used and systematic word interpretation methods:comprehensive examination for determining pronunciation and meaning,grammatical analysis for clarifying pronunciation and meaning,borrowing dialect for supplementing pronunciation and meaning,and mutual comparison for correcting pronunciation and meaning.These methods provide a reference or interpreting the relationship between the form,pronunciation,and meaning of Chinese characters.Among them,using the method of comprehensive examination,the pronunciation,form,and meaning of the word“nian(捻)”in“tenian(忒捻)”are explained separately.The meaning of“tenian(忒捻)”is“particularly appropriate”,rather than the commonly interpreted as“particularly beautiful”.From a grammatical perspective,the phrase“diedanbanjiu(跌弹斑鸠)”refers to“a turtledove dropped her own eggs(弹)”,rather than a turtledove that has been shot down.Using the method of borrowing dialect,the word“geqi(合气)”since the Yuan and Ming dynasties is analyzed.Research shows that“geqi(合气)”in dialect should be read as“geqi”,meaning“to quarrel,to pick a fight”.Using the method of mutual comparison,the words“cai(跚,躧,跴,踩)”in Yuan,Ming,and Qing operas and novels are investigated.These words all express the meaning of“trampling”,are all pronounced as“cai”,and their internal logical connections and evolution processes are sorted out.

关 键 词：字词释义 音义 综合考察 语法分析 借用方言 互相比较 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]