以形式开显内容:冯友兰的中国哲学范式及其意义  

Revealing Content through Form: FENG Youlan s Paradigm of Chinese Philosophy and Its Significance

作　　者：周海春[1] 郑义成 ZHOU Hai-chun;ZHENG Yi-cheng

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期72-82,165,共12页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列一般课题“《论语》与先秦两汉文献重见章句研究”(22GZGX15)。

摘　　要：做中国哲学有两重疑难:把握中国哲学的特质的疑难,即内容的疑难;整理中国哲学的内容以成系统的疑难,即形式的疑难。而解决后者,成为现代中国学者首要的任务。冯友兰始终关注哲学的形式系统与实质系统的统一,尤其是对中国哲学的形式化作出了重要贡献。冯友兰对中国哲学的形式化思考的主要内容是辨析个别和一般的关系,其中也涉及言说的前提性、文本的意识、汉字的形式、词汇的意义、思想的清晰性等。冯友兰力求以民族形式呈现新内容,从而建设现代中国哲学,注重中国哲学的“普遍性形式”,并力求以此开显中国哲学的内容。冯友兰的中国哲学范式可以概括为以“形式”开显“内容”。以形式开显内容也可以成为未来中国哲学的范式:参照西方哲学形式对中国哲学进行形式化处理依然有助于再现中国哲学的特质;站在中国古代哲学自身的角度来挖掘其在形式方面的贡献,并以此来展现中国哲学的特质;合理运用诠释学的方法,通过对文本形式的把握呈现文本的特定内容;分析“负的方法”所包含的逻辑或者形式问题,以让“负的方法”作为中国哲学的形式开显其特质。中国哲学史的发展不是退回到经学传统,而是要继续沿着哲学的道路前进。There are two problems in the study of Chinese philosophy: the problem of grasping its characteristics, namely, the content;the problem of sorting out its content into a system, that is, the form. To solve the latter has become the primary task of modern Chinese scholars. The greatest merit of History of Chinese Philosophy by Feng Youlan is that he always pays attention to the unity of the formal system and the substantial system of philosophy, and makes a contribution to the formalization of Chinese philosophy. The main content of his formal thinking on Chinese philosophy is the discrimination between specific and general, which also involves the presupposition of speech, the consciousness of text, the form of Chinese characters, the meaning of words, the clarity of thought and so on. Feng Youlan strives to construct modern Chinese philosophy by presenting new content in national form, pays attention to the “universal form” of Chinese philosophy, and attempts to reveal the content of Chinese philosophy. The paradigm of Chinese philosophy can be summarized as the paradigm of “form” to reveal “content”. This paradigm can also become the paradigm of Chinese philosophy in the future: the formal treatment of Chinese philosophy with reference to western philosophical forms is still helpful to reproduce the characteristics of Chinese philosophy. It is necessary to change the perspective and explore the contribution of ancient Chinese philosophy in the form, so as to show the characteristics of content. The method of hermeneutics should be used reasonably to present the specific content of the text by grasping the form of the text. Analyze the logical or formal problems included in the “negative method” in order to have the “negative method” as a form of Chinese philosophy to develop characteristics. The development of the history of Chinese philosophy is not to return to the tradition of Confucian classics but to continue to advance along the road of philosophy.

关 键 词：冯友兰 中国哲学范式 形式化 “负的方法” 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]