司马迁《史记》相关篇章中道德为主的法律思想  

The Legal Philosophy Centered on Morality in Sima Qian’s Relevant Chapters of Records of the Grand Historian

作　　者：林欣谚 Xinyan Lin(School of Law,Beijing Normal University,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京

出　　处：《国学（汉斯）》2024年第5期900-907,共8页Chinese Traditional Culture

摘　　要：本研究通过分析司马迁《史记》当中的《酷吏列传》《游侠列传》以及《律书》,指出《史记》当中以道德重视为主之法律思想,虽然《史记》描述法律思想的内容多为零散,但是将诸多篇章进行分析论证也能够梳理出关于《史记》所隐含的以道德重视为主之法律思想。本研究指出在《酷吏列传》此篇章就隐含道德为主的法律思想。此外,在《游侠列传》当中则更深层次地体现出《史记》所隐含的道德观是所谓“实质道德”。本研究还指出,在《史记》的《律书》一篇当中是本著“道德观”的根据,或言之,其乃为如世间万物运行规律的自然规则一般,只是所谓的道德非适用于世间万物,而仅适用于人,是人作为人须遵循的规律。该研究不仅揭示出《史记》所隐含的以道德重视为主之法律思想,也为现代法律与道德关系的研究提供历史借鉴。This study analyzes Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian,specifically the chapters Biographies of Harsh Officials,Biographies of Wandering Knights and Treatise on Law,to highlight the moral-centric legal philosophy embedded within the text.Although the legal thoughts described in Records of the Grand Historian are mostly scattered,a thorough analysis of these chapters can reveal the underlying moral emphasis in its legal philosophy.The study points out that in the Biographies of Harsh Officials,there is an implicit moral-based legal philosophy.Furthermore,in the Biographies of Wandering Knights,this moral perspective is more deeply reflected as a form of“substantive morality.”The study also notes that in the Treatise on Law,the concept of morality is presented as a fundamental principle akin to the natural rules governing all things in the world.However,unlike natural rules,this concept of morality applies solely to humans,functioning as a set of principles that humans,as humans,must follow.The study not only reveals the implicit moral-centric legal philosophy in Records of the Grand Historian,but also provides historical insights for contemporary research on the relationship between law and morality.

关 键 词：《史记》 法律思想 道德 《酷吏列传》 《游侠列传》 《律书》 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]