婴幼儿肌张力低下的康复评估与治疗进展  

Rehabilitation evaluation and treatment progress of hypotonia in infants and young children

作　　者：徐浩繁 钟增泉 赖燕媚 李威[1] 张欣 历虹 杨帆[1] 李翌鸣 吕智海 XU Haofan;ZHONG Zengquan;LAI Yanmei;LI Wei;ZHANG Xin;LI Hong;YANG Fan;LI Yiming;LYU Zhihai(Longgang District Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City(Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College),Shenzhen 518172,China;Heilongjiang Sixth Hospital,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院(汕头大学医学院龙岗妇幼临床学院)儿童康复科,广东深圳518172 [2]黑龙江省第六医院康复医学科,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《中国中西医结合儿科学》2024年第5期414-419,共6页Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

基　　金：2023年龙岗区医疗卫生技术攻关项目(LGKCYLWS2023006);龙岗区医疗卫生科技计划项目[LGWJ2021-(55)、LGWJ2021-(63)、LGWJ2021-(68)、LGWJ2023-(57)、LGWJ2023-(65)];深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院科研启动资金项目(Y2024010);中国康复医学会2023年度科研课题计划(KFKT-2023-034)。

摘　　要：婴幼儿肌张力低下伴发育迟缓是全面发育迟缓的早期症状和敏感体征,是神经发育障碍性疾病、遗传代谢性疾病的早期临床表现之一,且发病率较高。根据神经肌肉损害和累及的部位,将肌张力低下分为中枢性、外周性和混合性3个类型。在进行肌张力低下的病因学诊断基础上,进行临床评估、康复评估。康复评估包括运动发育水平评估、发展性评估、交流能力评定、日常生活活动能力评定。在《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童和青少年版)》(ICF-CY)理论框架下,采用促进抗重力姿势发育的运动治疗、中医康复、神经肌肉电刺激、肌内效贴、辅助支具等方法提高功能,以功能为导向,以不断提高活动和参与能力为目标,通过使用康复辅具等环境因素改造提高日常生活活动能力。Hypomyotonia accompanied by growth retardation is an early symptom and sensitive sign of global developmental delay(GDD)in infants and young children,and is one of the early clinical manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic metabolic diseases,which has a high incidence rate.According to the location of neuromuscular damage and involvement,hypotonia can be divided into three types:central hypotonia(CH),peripheral hypotonia(PH),or mixed hypotonia(MH).On the basis of etiological diagnosis of hypotonia,clinical evaluation and rehabilitation evaluation are conducted.Rehabilitation evaluation includes assessment of motor development level,developmental evaluation,evaluation of communication ability,and evaluation of daily life activity ability.Under the theoretical framework of the international classification of functioning,disability,and health(children and youth edition)(ICF-CY),the methods such as exercise therapy,traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation,neuromuscular electrical stimulation,intramuscular patches,and assistant braces are adopted to promote the development of anti-gravity postures.Based on function-orientation and with the goal being to continuously improve activity and participation abilities,environmental factors such as rehabilitation aids are used to modify and improve the ability of daily life activities.

关 键 词：肌张力低下 全面发育迟缓 康复评估 活动和参与能力 儿童 

分 类 号：R742.8[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]