干燥方式对烟花还原糖与游离氨基酸含量的影响  

Effects of Drying Methods on the Reducing Sugars and Free Amino Acid Contents of Tobacco Flowers

作　　者：魏玉磊[1] 许明磊 张忠锋[2] 宗浩 侯小东[2] 王强[1] 张豪洋 杜咏梅[2] WEI Yulei;XU Minglei;ZHANG Zhongfeng;ZONG Hao;HOU Xiaodong;WANG Qiang;ZHANG Haoyang;DU Yongmei(Technology Center of China Tobacco Shandong Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250013,China;Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,济南250013 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [3]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [4]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2024年第5期80-86,共7页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(110202102022);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(APTIP-TRIC05)。

摘　　要：为开发大田废弃烟草花(简称烟花)在烟草香料方面的利用价值,研究了7种干燥方式对烟花还原糖、游离氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同干燥方式烟花还原糖及19种游离氨基酸总量范围分别为2.44%~15.2%、25.6~68.8 mg/g,天冬酰胺是含量最高的氨基酸,占33.9%~84.2%;(2)还原糖与天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、组氨酸及总游离氨基酸显著负相关,与蛋氨酸、亮氨酸显著正相关;(3)综合方差、主成分及聚类分析结果,不同干燥方式烟花聚为4类:Ⅰ晾干,烟花天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、组氨酸及氨基酸总量最高,但还原糖及除天冬酰胺外的18种氨基酸总量最低;Ⅱ冷冻干燥,还原糖含量最高,氨基酸总量最低;Ⅲ晒干、恒温(59℃、65℃)干燥,晒干烟花还原糖及氨基酸含量处于中等水平,恒温干燥烟花还原糖含量仅低于冷冻干燥,氨基酸总量仅高于冷冻干燥;Ⅳ程序升温(至59℃、65℃)干燥,除天冬酰胺外的18种氨基酸总量最高,还原糖含量显著高于晾干,低于其他干燥方式。59℃干燥烟花总氨基酸含量显著高于65℃,但还原糖含量差异不显著。综合考虑干燥成本及目标成分组成,建议选择晾干、晒干或程序升温(至59℃)干燥。To develop the utilization value of abandoned tobacco flowers in tobacco flavorings,seven drying methods were investigated to study the effects on the content of reducing sugars and free amino acid of tobacco flowers.The results were as follows:(1)The content of reducing sugars and 19 total free amino acids in tobacco flowers treated with different drying methods ranged 2.44%-15.2%and 25.6-68.8 mg/g,respectively.Asn was the most abundant amino acid,with a percentage of 33.9%-84.2%.(2)The content of reducing sugars is significantly negatively correlated with Asn,Asp,His,and total amino acid content,but positively correlated with the content of Met and Leu.(3)Based on the results of comprehensive analysis of variance,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis,the seven drying methods of tobacco flowers were clustered into four categories:Ⅰ(Air drying),which is characterized with the highest content of Asn,Asp,His and total amino acids in tobacco flowers,but the lowest content of reducing sugars and the total amount of 18 amino acids except for Asn;Ⅱ(Freeze drying),which is featured with the highest content of reducing sugars but the lowest total amount of amino acids;Ⅲ(Sun drying,59℃and 65℃constant temperature drying respectively),which is distinguished by a moderate level of reducing sugars and amino acids in sun dried tobacco flowers,and by a content of reducing sugars lower than that in freeze-dried one,and the content of total amino acids higher than that of freezedried tobacco flowers in constant temperature dried tobacco flowers;Ⅳ(Program heating up 59℃and 65℃drying respectively),which is typified by a significant higher total amount of 18 amino acids except for Asn and a higher content of reducing sugars than those of the air dried one.Additionally,the total amino acid content of dried tobacco flowers at 59℃was significantly higher than that at 65℃,but the difference in reducing sugar content was not significant.Taking into account the cost and contents of targeted quality-related

关 键 词：干燥方式 烟花 还原糖 游离氨基酸 方差分析 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：TS411[农业科学—烟草工业]