晚明儒者管志道视域中的圣人观与孔子形象  

The Sage View and Confucius Image in the Perspective of Guan Zhidao

作　　者：石霞 SHI Xia(Advanced Institute of Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Jinan Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《上饶师范学院学报》2024年第4期30-36,共7页Journal of Shangrao Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22BZX051)。

摘　　要：管志道以“群龙无首”之圣人观对理学的儒学为本位、心性论为导向的道统观以及晚明以素王尊孔子的观念进行了解构,破除了儒家对圣人观的话语特权。基于此,他把有德统治者、释迦、老子等人皆纳入了圣人的行列,并将道统权、师道权还归君王。由此,孔子从“生民以来一切大圣人”转变为“通仁圣之学”“含君师之德”而“事臣子之事”的述道者。这一圣人观与孔子形象的重构,回应与解决了儒家思想中存在着的心性安顿、政教关怀方面的难题,也反映了晚明独特的儒佛融合的时代风貌。不过,随着孔子神圣形象的消解与下落,儒家学说的独立性、权威性、批判性亦极大地被削弱,传统理学何以走向没落实可自此窥得端倪。Guan Zhidao deconstructed the Confucianism-based,mind-oriented view of Confucian preaching context and system and the view of respecting Confucius as"Su Wang"(the true king)with the sage view of"Qunlong Wushou"(a leaderless group),breaking the Confucian discourse privilege of the sage view.Based on this,he included virtuous rulers and saints of the three religions into the ranks of saints,and returned the authority of Confucian preaching context and system and teaching to the monarch.Therefore,Confucius transformed from"the greatest saint"to a preacher who"mastered the studies of the sage of benevolence","had the virtues of rulers and teachers",and"performed the duties of a minister".The deconstruction of this sage view and the image of Confucius responds to and solves the problems of psychological stability and political and religious care in Confucianism,and also reflects the unique Confucian-Buddhist fusion of the late Ming era.However,with the dissolution and decline of the authoritative image of Confucius as a sage,the independence,authority,and criticality of Confucianism have also been greatly weakened.The reason why traditional Neo Confucianism has not been implemented can be seen from this.

关 键 词：管志道 圣人观 孔子形象 道统 

分 类 号：B248.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]