浙江省宁波市城市人群膳食多样化评价及其相关因素分析  

Evaluation of dietary diversity among urban population in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province and its related factors analysis

作　　者：邢远 何金玉 毕四岭 陈徐婷 时宇[2] 党少农 XING Yuan;HE Jinyu;BI Siling;CHEN Xuting;SHI Yu;DANG Shaonong(School of Public Health,Xi’an Medical College,Xi’an 710021;Vanke School of Public Health,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Yinzhou District Health Bureau,Ningbo 315199;School of Public Health,Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安医学院公共卫生学院,陕西西安710021 [2]清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院,北京100084 [3]鄞州区卫生健康局,浙江宁波315199 [4]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2024年第6期1007-1012,共6页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：中国-世界卫生组织2020-2021双年度合作医改试点项目(No.GJ2-2021-WHOPO-E2)。

摘　　要：目的 了解宁波市城市家庭膳食多样化特点,分析膳食多样化水平的相关因素。方法 依托2021年国家卫生健康委员会基层卫生健康综合试验区基线调查项目开展。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,入户面对面询问调查。调查问卷分为基本情况、膳食知识态度、膳食食用频率和24 h膳食食用情况四部分。采用广义估计方程分析膳食多样化评分的影响因素。结果 共调查632人。9类食物(除外油脂类)中每周食用频率从高至低依次为谷类、蔬菜、水果、鱼类、肉类、蛋类、豆类、乳类。总体膳食多样化评分(DDS)为5.78±1.693。DDS水平不足者占9.0%,DDS水平适中者占62.2%,DDS水平充足者占28.8%。年龄、膳食知识获取态度行为和家庭角色与DDS显著相关。40岁以下组比60岁以上组DDS高0.70(P<0.05),40~59岁比60岁以上组高0.46(P<0.05);偶尔或从来不主动搜集组比经常主动搜集组DDS低0.93(P<0.001);家庭角色因素中,普通家庭成员比家庭意见领袖DDS高0.32(P<0.05)。结论 本地区的膳食模式兼有植物性膳食模式与沿海特色性膳食模式的特点,水果和鱼类的摄入水平较好,豆类和乳类的较少摄入需要引起关注。Objective To understand the characteristics of dietary diversity of urban families in Ningbo city and analyze the related factors of dietary diversity level.Methods The project was carried out based on the baseline survey project of the primary health comprehensive experimental area of the National Health Commission in 2021.Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was adopted and household face-to-face inquiry was conducted.The survey questionnaire was divided into four parts:basic information,dietary knowledge and attitudes,dietary consumption frequency,and 24-hour dietary intake.The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the influencing factors of dietary diversity score.Results A total of 632 people were surveyed.Among the nine groups of food(except cooking oils),foods consumed weekly in frequency from high to low were cereals,vegetables,fruits,fish,meat,eggs,beans,and dairy.The overall dietary diversity score(DDS)was 5.78±1.693.Among the surveyed,9%had insufficient DDS,62.2%had moderate DDS,and 28.8%had adequate DDS.Age,dietary knowledge acquisition attitude behavior,and family role were significantly correlated with DDS.DDS was 0.70 higher in the group under 40 years old than in the group over 60 years old(P<0.05),and DDS in the group between 40 and 59 years old was 0.46 higher than that in the group over 60 years old(P<0.05).DDS in the occasionally or never actively collected group was 0.93 lower than that in the frequently actively collected group(P<0.001).Among the family role factors,DDS of ordinary family members was 0.32 higher than that of family opinion leader(P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary patterns in this region have the characteristics of plant-based and coastal characteristic dietary ones.The intake level of fruits and fish is relatively good,while the intake of legumes and dairy is relatively low,which needs attention.

关 键 词：膳食模式 膳食调查 膳食多样化评分(DDS) 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]