基于轻型无人机激光雷达的山区高程仿地获取与构建技术研究  

Research on Terrain Acquisition and Construction Technology in Mountainous Areas Based on Lightweight UAV LiDAR

作　　者：祖为国 谭金石 刘丽[1] Zu Weiguo;Tan Jinshi;Liu Li(College of Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing Information,Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry and Commerce,Guangzhou510510,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工贸职业技术学院测绘遥感信息学院,广东广州510510

出　　处：《应用激光》2024年第8期63-71,共9页Applied Laser

基　　金：中国高校产学研创新基金-无人集群协同智能项目(2021ZYB03002);广东省普通高校工程技术研究中心(2024GCZX026);双高专业群建设一般委托专项(2021-zx-11)。

摘　　要：数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)是关键的基础地理空间数据,传统DEM获取方法难以满足植被覆盖山区DEM构建需求。无人机激光雷达技术的快速发展,为山区DEM获取与构建提供了新的思路。提出一种利用无人机激光雷达仿地飞行获取激光点云并构建DEM的方法,对激光扫描数据获取、点云预处理、点云滤波及DEM构建等关键技术进行研究。以广东省抽水蓄能项目为例,深入研究无人机激光雷达的仿地飞行原理及实施方法,并对激光点云进行预处理,提出了顾及地形的渐进加密三角网滤波算法,成功地从散乱点云中提取出地面点,构建DEM精度高达0.07~0.31 m。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地提取地面点,构建精确的DEM,满足工程测量规范要求,为植被覆盖山区DEM的构建提供了一种新思路和解决方案,具有一定的实用价值和推广意义。Digital elevation models(DEMs)are fundamental geospatial data,yet traditional acquisition techniques often fall short in densely vegetated mountainous regions.The advent of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)LiDAR technology has enabled novel methods for DEM acquisition in such challenging terrains.This article proposes a method for utilizing UAV LiDAR to acquire laser point clouds and construct DEM through simulated terrain flights.Key technologies such as laser scanning data acquisition,point cloud preprocessing,point cloud filtering,and DEM construction are studied.Taking the pumped storage project in Guangdong Province as an example,the principles and implementation methods of UAV LiDAR simulated terrain flights are thoroughly examined.The laser point clouds are preprocessed,and an incremental and terrain-aware Delaunay triangulation filtering algorithm is proposed to effectively extract the ground points from scattered point clouds.The resulting DEM achieves high precision ranging from 0.07to 0.31meters.Experimental results demonstrate that this method can successfully extract ground points and build accurate DEM that meet the requirements of engineering measurement specifications.It provides a new approach and solution for constructing DEM in vegetation-covered mountainous areas,offering practical value and significance for wider application.

关 键 词：无人机 激光雷达 数字高程模型 DEM构建 仿地飞行 点云滤波 

分 类 号：TB22[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]