基因组学研究助力马铃薯育种方式的变革  

Genomics Study Accelerates the Revolution of Potato Breeding

作　　者：张春芝 周倩[2] 吴瑶瑶 尚轶 黄三文 ZHANG Chun-zhi;ZHOU Qian;WU Yao-yao;SHANG Yi;HUANG San-wen(Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120;School of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Sun Yat-Sen University,Shenzhen 518107;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;The AGISCAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所(岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心),深圳518120 [2]中山大学农学与生物技术学院,深圳518107 [3]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095 [4]云南师范大学马铃薯科学研究院,昆明650500

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第10期1-8,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0120500);中央引导地方科技发展基金项目(23ZYQJ304);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202404)。

摘　　要：马铃薯是全球最重要的非谷物类粮食作物。杂交马铃薯育种,即将马铃薯由四倍体无性繁殖作物改造成二倍体种子作物,已经成为马铃薯领域的研究热点。过去十多年来,以二倍体为主要研究对象的马铃薯基因组学快速发展,进一步促进了马铃薯育种技术的变革。本文系统梳理了马铃薯基因组学发展的历程,以及基因组学研究如何助力解决杂交马铃薯育种的两个难题——自交不亲和与自交衰退,并推动马铃薯基因组设计育种体系的构建,使马铃薯育种迈向4.0时代。Potatoes are the most important non-grain food crop in the world.Hybrid potato breeding,that is,transforming potato from tetraploid asexual crop to diploid seed crop,has become a research hotspot in potato field.In the past decade,the rapid development of potato genomics with diploid as the main research object has further promoted the change of potato breeding technology.This paper systematically reviews the development process of potato genomics,and how genomics research can help solve the two difficult issues of hybrid potato breeding,self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression,and promote the construction of potato genome design breeding system,so that potato breeding will move towards the 4.0 era.

关 键 词：马铃薯 基因组 自交不亲和 有害突变 杂交育种 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] Q943.2[生物学—植物学]