“虚壹而静”:道家的认知模式及加工机制  

"Xu Yi Er Jing":The Cognitive Model and Processing Mechanism of Taoism

作　　者：江亦瑶 彭彦琴[2] JIANG Yiyao;PENG Yanqin

机构地区：[1]香港理工大学应用社会科学系,中国 [2]苏州大学教育学院心理学系

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期101-112,共12页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“中国心性心理学的理论体系及训练模式研究”(项目编号:20YJA190007);江苏省社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“中国心性心理学体系建构”(项目编号:22HQA3)。

摘　　要：当下道家心理学研究多集中在人格、心理健康领域,甚少有关于道家认知心理学方面的研究。道家认知理论不仅展现出中国心性心理学的丰富性,更代表了中国心性心理学的本土特色。集众家之长,援引道家之理义所提出的“虚壹而静”说,实质上是中国本土认知心理学有关认知机制的道家表述。围绕“解蔽”这一认知目标,提供了一条清晰的认知机制与操作路径,即“虚壹而静”。首先,从“虚”“壹”“静”三个概念出发,阐释其内涵。其次,从“解蔽”出发,引出道家的认知发生机制,强调“解蔽”的关键在于心知“道”,“虚壹而静”讲的就是如何知“道”。知“道”须排除感官刺激的干扰,保持主体注意高度专注,进而排除欲望、情绪及已有经验的干扰,启动高级心智机能,最终体认“道”(即精神本体)。“虚壹而静”说完整阐述了道家的认知模式及加工机制——真正的认知是指向“道”、指向心性自身,是对精神本体的体认。The contemporary research of Taoist psychology mainly focuses on personality and mental health,yet few studies were conducted in Taoist cognitive psychology.Taoist cognitive theory not only demonstrates the richness of the Chinese heart-nature psychology,but also represents the theory of"Xu Yi Er Jing",which gathers teachings of myriad schools and is,in essence,a Taoist expression of cognitive mechanism in Chinese indigenous cognitive psychology.It provides a clear and systematic cognitive mechanism and operational pathway,namely"Empty,Focus,and Quiet",around the cognitive goal of"clarifying obscurities".Firstly,it explains the connotation of the three concepts of"Empty","Focus",and"Quiet".Secondly,it introduces the cognitive occurrence mechanism of the Taoism from the perspective of"clarifying obscurities",emphasizing that the key to"clarifying obscurities"lies in the heart's knowing"the Tao"."Empty,Focus,and Quiet"means how to know"the Tao".To know"the Tao",one needs firstly to eliminate the interference of sensory stimuli,maintain a high degree of focus of the subject's attention,and then eliminate the interference of the subject's desires,emotions,and existing experiences,and activate advanced mental functions.Naturally,one can realize"the Tao"(i.e.,the spiritual substance).The theory of"Xu Yi Er Jing"provides a comprehensive explanation of the cognitive model and processing mechanism of Taoism—the true cognition that directs at the Tao and the heart-nature itself,which is recognition of the spiritual substance.

关 键 词：道家 虚壹而静 认知模式 加工机制 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B842.1