采后常温贮藏对南亚热带甜玉米品质的影响  

Effects of postharvest storage at room temperature on the quality of south subtropical sweet corn in China

作　　者：弓雪 刘亚利[1] 李高科[2] 贺囡囡[1] 莫润秀[1] 陈坤[1] 韦正乙 覃宏宇 卢生乔[1] 张述宽[3] GONG Xue;LIU Ya-li;LI Gao-ke;HE Nan-nan;MO Run-xiu;CHEN Kun;WEI Zheng-yi;QIN Hong-yu;LU Sheng-qiao;ZHANG Shu-kuan(Corn Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第9期2754-2762,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22068095);广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2021KY1196);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2021ZX11);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT016)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究两广地区优异的甜玉米品种采收后常温贮藏时间对其品质的影响,为采后甜玉米保鲜技术研究和新品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以6个甜玉米品种为试验材料,采收后室温贮藏0、1、3和5 d后,测定籽粒的含水量及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、多糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,并利用主成分分析评价影响甜玉米采后品质的关键因子。【结果】甜玉米品种随着采收后贮藏时间的延长,籽粒的含水量、可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量均呈下降趋势,淀粉含量呈上升趋势,不同品种间可溶性蛋白和多糖含量变化趋势存在明显差异。贮藏5 d与0 d相比,桂甜619籽粒可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和蔗糖含量降幅最大,分别为26.07%、56.22%和57.03%,淀粉含量增幅最大,为101.57%;粤甜38号籽粒可溶性糖含量降幅最小,为28.75%,淀粉含量增幅最小,为14.64%;桂甜111籽粒蔗糖含量降幅最小,为28.97%。各品种在采后常温贮藏期间,可溶性糖和淀粉含量最高值均为桂甜111贮藏1 d时,分别为93.47和55.64 mg/g;可溶性糖和蔗糖含量的最低值均为桂甜619贮藏5 d时,分别为33.48和16.72 mg/g。采后常温贮藏期平均变异系数中,多糖和淀粉的变异系数较大,分别为19.02%和19.86%。相关分析结果表明,含水量与多糖和淀粉含量分别呈显著(P<0.05,下同)和极显著(P<0.01,下同)负相关,可溶性糖含量与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关,与淀粉含量呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示,3个主成分累计贡献率达83.05%,可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量是决定甜玉米采后贮藏品质的主要指标。【结论】采后常温贮藏对6个甜玉米品种的品质影响显著,不同甜玉米品种间糖类物质转化速率和蛋白质降解速率存在明显差异。可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量可作为甜玉米采后常温贮藏品质评价的初步指标。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to investigate the postharvest storage at room temperature on the quality of excellent sweet corn varieties in Guangdong and Guangxi,so as to provide theoretical basis for the research on preservation technology of postharvest sweet corn and the breeding of new varieties.【Method】Treatments was set up at room temperature 0,1,3,and 5 d after harvest.The kernel water content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content,polysaccharide content,sucrose content and starch content of 6 sweet corn varieties were separately measured after diffe-rent treatments.The key factors affecting the post harvest quality of sweet corn were evaluated using principal component analysis.【Result】As the number of storage day after harvest increased,water content,the soluble sugar content and sucrose content decreased in the sweet corn kernels,while the starch content increased.There were great differences in the changes of soluble protein content and polysaccharide content among varieties.Compared with 0 d after storage,the contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar and sucrose in Guitian 619 decreased the most(26.07%,56.22%and 57.03%respectively),while starch content increased the most(101.57%)5 d after storage.Yuetian 38 had the smallest decrease in soluble sugar content(28.75%)and the smallest increase in starch content(14.64%);Guitian 111 had the smallest decline in sucrose,which was 28.97%.During the postharvest storage period of each variety at room temperature,the highest va-lues of soluble sugar and starch content were 93.47 mg/g and 55.64 mg/g respectively,when Guitan 111 was stored for 1 d;the lowest values of soluble sugar and sucrose content were 33.48 mg/g and 16.72 mg/g for Guitian 619 stored for 5 d.In the average coefficient of variation during the postharvest storage period at room temperature,the coefficients of variation of polysaccharides and starch were large,which were 19.02%and 19.86%respectively.The results of correlation analysis showed that water content was sig

关 键 词：甜玉米 采后 常温贮藏 品质 

分 类 号：S513.093[农业科学—作物学]