重塑人的主体性:马克思人学研究主体性范式的理论变革  

Reconstructing Human Subjectivity:Theoretical Changes in the Paradigm of Subjectivity in Marxian Human Research

作　　者：邵芳强[1] 张婕 Shao Fangqiang;Zhang Jie(School of Marxism,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学马克思主义学院,大连116026

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第11期120-130,160,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金高校思政课研究专项一般项目“教育强国视域下高校思政课教师素质能力提升研究”(23VSZ052)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人的主体价值虚无的现代性危机以及重塑人的主体性的现代哲学难题,肇始于西方哲学人学研究在二元论传统中确立“理性主体”至上权威的主体性范式。马克思在历史唯物主义中破解了西方哲学人学研究主体性范式的历史缺场、对象悬置、逻辑倒置与虚幻实现,在现实历史领域中重塑“现实的人”的主体存在基础,在社会历史实践中重构“历史的主体”的主体实践逻辑,在真正共同体中重建“个体—主体”价值同一的主体实现场域。最终,马克思在现实、历史与类特性中重塑起人的主体性,实现了人的主体性研究论域从认识论向实践论、研究对象从抽象主体向实践主体、生成逻辑从思辨逻辑向实践逻辑、实现场域从虚幻共同体向真正共同体的四重理论变革,在人类共同体形态演进中描绘出一幅消解理性主体异化、释放人的主体潜能的文明图景。The modern crisis of nihilism concerning the value of the human subject and the modern philosophical dilemma of reshaping human subjectivity originated from the paradigm of Western philosophical human science that establishes the supremacy of the“rational subject”within the tradition of dualism.In historical materialism,Marx solved the problems of historical absence,object suspension,logical inversion,and illusory realization inherent in this subjectivity paradigm.He reconstructed the subjective basis of existence of the“real human”in the realm of real history,the subjective practical logic of the“subject of history”in social historical practice,and the field of realization where the value identity of the individual-subject is achieved within the true community.Ultimately,Marx reshaped human subjectivity in reality,history,and species-being characteristics,achieving a fourfold theoretical transformation:shifting the research field from epistemology to practical theory,the research object from abstract subject to practical subject,the generative logic from speculative logic to practical logic,and the field of realization from illusory community to true community.He painted a picture of civilization that dissolves the alienation of the subject and releases the potential of the human subject in the evolution of human community forms.

关 键 词：人学研究 主体性 “现实历史” “现实的人” “历史的主体” 共同体 

分 类 号：B038[哲学宗教—哲学理论]