人工智能时代职业教育的生存挑战、自我适应及实现路径  

The Survival Challenge,Self-adaptation and Realization Path of Vocational Education in Artificial Intelligence Era

作　　者：谢德新 单雪荣 Xie Dexin;Shan Xuerong(School of Education Science,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal Unive rsity,Guangzhou 510665,China)

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510665

出　　处：《职教论坛》2024年第11期108-114,共7页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“区域民办高职院校产教社融创发展研究”(编号:20XJA880003),主持人:方晓田;广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“粤港澳大湾区职业教育国际化的发展模式及政策支持研究”(编号:GD23YJY13),主持人:谢德新;广东省哲学社会科学规划学科共建项目“粤港澳大湾区职业教育战略联盟的运行机制与绩效评估研究”(编号:GD22XJY15),主持人:汤婷婷。

摘　　要：人工智能的发展及其在社会生产中的应用,在推动生产方式变革的同时,也对人才培养规格提出新要求。职业教育作为产业发展所需技能人才的“孵化器”,其价值理念、专业设置、培养定位等方面面临诸多挑战。为应对这些挑战,职业教育要转向自适应发展,在价值理念上追求器道相宜;在教育形态上倡导人机协同;在培养目标上主张综合素养;在专业设置上强化产教融合;在治理能力上进行组织创新。为了完成自适应转变,我们应当恪守职业教育本质,锚定价值理性和工具理性的平衡点,应用人工智能技术助推职业教育形态跃迁,提升专业设置供给侧与产业发展需求侧的适配度,确立多元复合型的人才培养定位,培育“数字素养+工匠精神”的高水平技能人才,从而适应人工智能时代的发展。The development of artificial intelligence and its application in social production,while driving changes in production methods,has also posed new demands on talent training standards.Vocational education,as the incubator of skilled talents needed for industrial development,faces numerous challenges in its value concepts,specialty setup,training orientation,and other aspects.To address these challenges,vocational education should shift from passive acceptance to adaptive development,pursue a balance between instrumental and moral values.It should also advocate for human-machine collaboration in educational forms,promote comprehensive literacy as a training goal,strengthen the integration of industry and education in specialty setup,and enhance organizational innovation in governance capabilities.To achieve this adaptive transformation,it is essential to adhere to the essence of vocational education,find a balance between value rationality and tool rationality.We must leverage artificial intelligence technology to facilitate the transformation of vocational education,enhance the alignment between the supply side of specialty setup and the demand side of industrial development,and establish a diversified and composite talent training orientation.Additionally,we should cultivate high-level skilled talents with digital literacy and craftsmanship to adapt to the development of the artificial intelligence era.

关 键 词：人工智能 职业教育 数字化转型 技能人才 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]