企业参与职业教育产教融合缘何动力不足?——基于对教师企业实践政策落实困境的分析  

Why is there a Lack of Motivation for Enterprises' Participation in Industry-education Integration in Vocational Education?——Analysis of the Dilemma of the Policy Implementation of Teachers' Practice in Enterprises

作　　者：郝天聪[1] Hao Tiancong

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2024年第10期104-112,共9页Education Research Monthly

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“职业发展视角下高职院校教师企业精准实践研究”(编号:BJA220244)。

摘　　要：深化产教融合,提高企业参与职业教育产教融合的动力,是近年来我国职业教育改革的重要方向。然而,与理想状态相比,职业教育产教融合在现实层面却遭遇困境。作为典型的产教融合政策,教师企业实践政策的落实离不开企业的积极参与。以教师企业实践政策为研究对象,借助社会交换理论视角,结合问卷调研与深度访谈数据分析,可以发现,教师与企业之间的社会交换关系之所以能够建立,主要在于企业维护校企合作关系与履行社会责任的考虑;在进入企业场域之后,由于教师角色转换的困难,以及企业付出成本的增加,导致教师与企业仅能进行浅层互动,社会交换关系只能处于勉强维持状态;在预期回报遥不可及的情况下,企业单方面的付出具有不可持续性,企业与教师短暂建立的社会交换关系可能快速瓦解。究其根源,企业与教师之间不对等的社会交换,是影响企业参与职业教育产教融合的关键所在。为激发企业参与职业教育产教融合的动力,要关注企业参与职业教育产教融合的核心诉求,对企业参与职业教育产教融合产生的成本进行核算与补偿,建立鼓励企业参与职业教育产教融合的激励机制,发挥职业教育产教融合服务组织的协调作用。Deepening the integration of industry and education and enhancing the motivation for enterprises to participate in the integration of industry and education in vocational education have been important directions for China's vocational education reform in recent years.However,compared to the ideal state,the integration has encountered implementation difficulties.As a typical policy of integrating industry and education,the implementation practice policy for teachers in enterprise results from the active participation of enterprises.Taking the practical policies of teacher enterprises as the research object,with the perspective of social exchange theory,combined with questionnaire surveys and in-depth interview data analysis,it can be found that the reason why the social exchange relationship between teachers and enterprises can be established is mainly due to the enterprises' consideration of maintaining school-enterprise cooperation,and fulfilling social responsibilities;once in a corporate field,due to the difficulties of teacher role transition and the increase in costs incurred by enterprises,teachers and enterprises can only engage in superficial interactions,and social exchange relationships can only be barely maintained;in situations where expected returns are unattainable,unilateral efforts by enterprises are unsustainable,and the social exchange relationship established between enterprises and teachers may quickly collapse.At its root,the unequal social exchange between enterprises and teachers is the key factor affecting enterprises' participation in vocational education industry education integration.To stimulate the motivation of enterprises to participate in the industry-education integration,it is necessary to pay attention to the core demands of enterprises' participation in the integration,calculate and compensate for the costs incurred in participating in the integration,establish incentive mechanisms to encourage enterprises' participation,and leverage the coordinating role of integration service

关 键 词：职业教育 产教融合 教师企业实践政策 社会交换 企业动力 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]