阻尼处理对铝型材结构隔声特性的影响分析  

Analysis of the Influence of Damping Treatment on Sound Insulation Characteristics of Aluminum Extruded Structures

作　　者：姚丹 张捷[2] 王瑞乾[3] 肖新标[4] YAO Dan;ZHANG Jie;WANG Ruiqian;XIAO Xinbiao(College of Aviation Engineering,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307;State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering/Polymer Research Institute,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065;School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空飞行学院航空工程学院,广汉618307 [2]四川大学高分子材料工程国家重点实验室/高分子研究所,成都610065 [3]常州大学机械与轨道交通学院,常州213164 [4]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第18期299-309,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52002257);四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0902);民航飞行技术与飞行安全重点实验室开放基金(FZ2022KF01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(24CAFUC01007)资助项目。

摘　　要：水性阻尼涂料作为一种性能良好的减振降噪材料,目前已广泛应用于高速列车车体铝型材结构。在高速列车低噪声设计的方案设计阶段,通常缺少试验条件对比多种阻尼处理方案的降噪效果。基于复特征值法计算铝型材结构敷设阻尼材料后的阻尼损耗因子,并基于混合有限元-统计能量分析方法建立铝型材隔声特性预测模型,预测分析阻尼处理对铝型材隔声特性的影响。结果表明,阻尼材料对铝型材隔声特性的影响可分为“质量-刚度效应”和“阻尼效应”两部分,“质量-刚度效应”会使铝型材结构的模态特征发生变化,导致模态频率降低以及隔声低谷向低频偏移;“阻尼效应”会增大铝型材的阻尼损耗因子,改善共振频率处的隔声量;在铝型材结构外层敷设3 mm阻尼涂料时,在1/3倍频程频段100~400 Hz,阻尼的作用主要以“质量-刚度效应”为主;在500 Hz以上的频段,“质量-刚度效应”和“阻尼效应”共同影响频率隔声量,且阻尼效应逐渐凸显,并随着频率的升高而不断增大;当阻尼层厚度较小时,500 Hz以上的隔声增大主要以“阻尼效应”为主,随着阻尼材料厚度的增大,“质量-刚度效应”的增大幅度会较“阻尼效应”增大幅度更为明显。阻尼材料敷设在铝型材裸板更薄的一层时隔声性能更优。As a good noise and vibration reduction material,water-based damping coating is widely used in high-speed train car body structures.At the scheme design stage of low-noise design of high-speed trains,it is not easy to compare the effects of various damping treatments due to test limitations.The damping loss factor of aluminum extruded structures with damping treatment was calculated based on the complex eigenvalue method.Then,a sound insulation characteristics prediction model of the structure was established based on the hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis method.The influence of the damping treatment on the sound insulation characteristics of the structure was analyzed.The results show that the influence of damping treatment on the sound insulation characteristics of aluminum extruded structures can be divided into“mass-stiffness effect”and“damping effect”.The“mass-stiffness effect”changes the modal properties of the structures,resulting in a reduction of natural frequency and an offset of sound transmission loss valley to lower frequency.The“damping effect”increases the damping loss factor of the structures,resulting in the increase of sound transmission loss valley.When a 3 mm damping material treating on the bottom layer of aluminum extruded structures,the frequency dependent sound transmission loss is mainly dominated by“mass-stiffness effect”in the 1/3 octave frequency band of 100-400 Hz.And the“damping effect”begins to increase significantly with the increase of frequency above 500 Hz,the sound transmission loss is affected by both the“mass-stiffness effect”and the“damping effect”.When the thickness of the damping layer is small,the increase of the sound transmission loss above 500 Hz is mainly caused by the“damping effect”,with the increase of the damping layer’s thickness,the increase of the“mass-stiffness effect”is more obvious than the“damping effect”.When the damping material is treated on the thinner layer of the aluminum extruded structure

关 键 词：高速列车 铝型材 混合有限元-统计能量分析 复特征值法 阻尼处理 隔声 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]