2018年中国65岁及以上老年人食物多样性与焦虑风险的关联  

Association of dietary diversity and anxiety in Chinese people aged 65 years and older in 2018

作　　者：黄莉 王玮铭 孙盼盼 赵仁成[1] 何向阳[1] 陈曦[2] 徐英[1] 郭艳芳[1] 袁青[1] 刘峥[1] Huang Li;Wang Weiming;Sun Panpan;Zhao Rencheng;He Xiangyang;Chen Xi;Xu Ying;Guo Yanfang;Yuan Qing;Liu Zheng(Shenzhen Baoan Center for Chronic Disease Control,Shenzhen 518100,China;School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区慢性病防治院,深圳518100 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,武汉430030

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第6期1007-1015,共9页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：深圳市宝安区科技计划项目(No.2023JD151);宝安区医学重点学科(慢性非传染性疾病防控)。

摘　　要：目的 了解我国老年人焦虑现状,探讨我国老年人食物多样性与焦虑风险的关联。方法 数据来源于2018年中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS),抽取23个省(自治区、直辖市)的10 555名65岁及以上老年人。采用食物频率问卷收集11种食物类别的摄入频次,由此计算食物多样性评分,按照食物多样性评分的四分位数将老年人分为4组。采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)评估≥65岁老年人近两周焦虑发生情况。使用多因素Logistic回归模型分析食物多样性与焦虑风险之间的关联。结果 共调查10 555名老年人,男性4682人(44.36%),女性5873人(55.64%);年龄(84.50±11.64)岁;居住在城镇的老年人有6106人(57.85%);过去两周发生焦虑1296人(12.28%)。调整年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、居住安排、职业、收入、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼、睡眠、中心型肥胖前期及中心型肥胖、日常活动能力受限、共病后,与食物多样性评分第一分位组的老年人相比,第四分位组老年人发生焦虑的风险降低26%(OR=0.74,95%CI 0.61~0.89);当食物多样性评分做为连续变量时,食物多样性评分每增加1分,老年人发生焦虑的风险降低7%(OR=0.93,95%CI 0.89~0.96)。新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、蛋类、豆制品这四种食物的高摄入量与较低的焦虑风险有关[OR值分别为0.62(95%CI 0.52~0.74)、0.61(95%CI 0.53~0.70)、0.83(95%CI 0.73~0.95)和0.82(95%CI 0.72~0.92)]。结论 中国≥65岁老年人食物多样性高得分与低焦虑风险有关。OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of anxiety and examine the association between the dietary diversity and anxiety among older Chinese adults.METHODS The data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)wasused,a nationwide survey with 10555 adults aged≥65 years in 23 provinces of China.Dietary diversity score(DDS)was constructed based on 1l items of a food frequency questionnaire.Participants were assigned into 4 groups according to the quartile of DDS.The outcome observed was the incidence of anxiety in the past two weeks,as self-reported by participants.Logistic regression was usedto examine the association between DDS and the risk of anxiety in the elderly.RESULTS Among the 10555 participants,4682(44.36%)were male,and 5873(55.64%)were female,with a mean(SD)age of 84.50±11.64.And 6106(57.85%)of them came from urban.Anxiety was reported by 12.28%of the 10555 participants.After adjustment for age,sex,educational background,marital status,residence,coresidence,occupation,sufficient income,smoking,drinking,regular exercise,sleep duration,precentral obesity and central obesity,disability and comorbidity,compared to elders who were the lowest quartile of DDS,OR was 0.74(95%CI 0.61-0.89)for quartile 4.Each 1-point increase in DDS corresponded to a 7%lower risk of anxiety(OR=0.93,95%CI 0.89-0.96).In addition,a significant association was observed between higher consumption of fresh vegetables,fruits,legumes and beans,and eggs with lower risk of anxiety,the ORs were 0.62(95%CI 0.52-0.74),0.61(95%CI 0.53-0.70),0.83(95%CI 0.73-0.95)and 0.82(95%CI 0.72-0.92).CONCLUSIONNA higher DDS was associated with a lower risk of anxiety in the Chinese aged 65 years and older.

关 键 词：食物多样性 焦虑老年人 

分 类 号：R153.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R395.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]