现象学视域中的“人格美”  

“The Beauty of Personality”in the Perspective of Phenomenology

作　　者：郭勇健[1] GUO Yong-jian

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第11期26-38,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(2022&ZD048)——现象学美学与中国当代美学的理论体系建构问题研究。

摘　　要：中西方思想对“人格”的使用方式有所不同:西方偏于“人格”的描述性意义,中国偏于“人格”的评价性意义。西方偏于“人格”的外在性,中国偏于“人格”的内在性。西方的“人格性”相当于“精神性”,中国的“人格性”侧重于“道德性”。“人格美”具有两个维度:在形而上学维度,它是一种美学观念;在现象学维度,它是一种审美对象。“人格美”的合法性受到怀疑,理由有二:一是“人格美”可能是道德判断,也可能是审美判断,更可能是二者的混同;二是人格是否可以诉诸感性直观,尚在未定之数。身体现象学表明,心灵和精神都是具身化并表现于外的。身体不是对立于心灵/精神的身体,而是融合了心灵/精神的身体。于是,人格也可以在身体上获得感性直观,成为审美对象。因此,“人格美”从属于“身体美”。人格美属于身体美,又超越身体美,与身体美有一种若即若离的关系。身体美与人格美的关系,可用胡塞尔人格现象学的体现和共现加以说明。There are many differences between Chinese and Western perspectives when referring to“personality”.The West tends to emphasize the descriptive meaning of“personality”,while China leans towards its evaluative meaning.The West favors the external aspects of“personality”,while China emphasizes its internal dimension.In Western philosophy,“personality”is often equated with“spirituality”,whereas in Chinese Confucian philosophy,“personality”is more closely associated with“morality”.“Beauty of personality”can be understood in two ways:in the metaphysical dimension,it is an aesthetic concept;in the phenomenological dimension,it becomes an aesthetic object.The legitimacy of“beauty of personality”has been questioned for two reasons.First,“beauty of personality”can constitute a moral judgment,or an aesthetic judgment,or a conflation of both.Second,the question remains as to whether personality can be perceived through sensory intuition.Phenomenology of the body suggests that both mind and spirit are embodied and expressed outwardly.The body is not something in opposition to the mind or spirit;rather,it incorporates them.Therefore,personality can also be sensually perceived through the body and can become an aesthetic object.As a result,“beauty of personality”is subordinated to“beauty of body”.The beauty of personality is part of physical beauty,yet it also transcends it,forming a vague relationship with it.The relationship between physical beauty and personality beauty can be explained through Husserl's phenomenology of personality,which highlights the interplay between presence and appresentation.

关 键 词：现象学 美学 人格美 身体美 魏晋风度 

分 类 号：B83-05[哲学宗教—美学]