亲子分离对儿童人力资本发展的影响——基于亲子互动和家校互动的调节作用  

The Impact of Parent-child Separation on Children's Human Capital Development:Moderating Effect Analysis Based on Parent-Child Interaction and Home-school Interaction

作　　者：吴恩慈 胡耀宗[2,3] WU En-ci;HU Yao-zong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部教育管理学系 [2]华东师范大学教育管理学系 [3]华东师范大学教育经济研究所

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第11期87-101,共15页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AGL030)——国家教育体系适应人口结构变化的战略管理研究。

摘　　要：基于1641份儿童有效问卷数据,运用倾向得分匹配模型(PSM)分析了亲子分离对儿童人力资本发展的影响。研究发现:经历亲子分离儿童的语、数、英等学业成绩及非认知能力比一般儿童分别低24.6%、17.9%、18.1%、18.9%;异质性结果显示,亲子分离对农村儿童人力资本发展的负向影响大于城镇儿童,对小学生非认知能力的负向影响大于初中生,而对小学生认知能力的负向影响小于初中生;进一步分析表明,早期亲子分离对儿童的非认知能力负向影响较大,而对其认知能力的影响则小于学龄后经历亲子分离的儿童;通过增强亲子互动、家校互动能够有效降低亲子分离对儿童认知能力的负向影响。为此,应完善人口主要流入城市托幼一体化教育保障体系,从根源上减少早期亲子分离现象;父母还应构建良好的亲子关系,增强亲子互动;应加强家校合作,为促进儿童人力资本发展提供支持和保障。Based on data from 1641 valid questionnaires for children,the mechanism of parent-child separation's impact on children's human capital development was analyzed using the propensity score matching model(PSM).It was found that children experiencing parent-child separation had 24.6%,17.9%,18.1%,and 18.9% lower grades in language,mathematics,and English,as well as lower non-cognitive abilities than children in general.Heterogeneity results showed that parent-child separation had a greater negative effect on human capital development for rural children than for urban children;it had a greater negative effect on noncognitive abilities for elementary school students than for junior high school students,while it had a smaller negative effect on cognitive abilities for elementary school students than for junior high school students.Further analysis found that the negative impact of early parent-child separation on children's non-cognitive ability is greater than that of children who experienced parent-child separation after school age,but the negative impact on their cognitive ability is smaller than that of children after school age,and the negative impact of parentchild separation on children's cognitive ability can be effectively reduced by enhancing parent-child interaction and home-school interaction.For this reason,the urban childcare and integrated education guarantee system should be improved to reduce the phenomenon of early parent-child separation from the root.It is also important to build good parent-child relationships,enhance parent-child interactions,and strengthen homeschool cooperation in order to support the development of children's human capital.

关 键 词：早期儿童发展 托幼一体化 新人力资本理论 亲子分离 PSM 

分 类 号：G459[文化科学—教育学] G40-012[文化科学—教育技术学] C913[经济管理]