中医药与外丹术渊源考探  

Research on the origin of traditional Chinese medicine and external alchemy

作　　者：徐寻 XU Xun(School of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2024年第11期6216-6219,共4页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

摘　　要：方士与医术关系之密切由来已久,《素问》已明确记载医术为方士所需掌握诸术之一,而方士作为道士的前身,自然使得道士群体与医家间有了某种天然的联系,正因如此,后世名医同时亦多为高道。外丹术作为道士修炼必需技能之一,既在理论上同根于阴阳五行学说,所使用的原材料又与医用药材同宗同源,这样的渊源为二者间后来的相互整合留下了契机。宋元以降,在理学思想的强势冲击下,道学思想逐渐从医学中剥离出来,同时外丹术受到内丹术的影响也不得不被迫“依附”于中医药。由此可知,后世所谓“道医”在本质上与“中医”并无区别。The close relationship between alchemists and medical skills has existed for a long time.Suwen has clearly recorded that medical skills are one of the various techniques that alchemists need to master.As the predecessor of Taoist priests,alchemists naturally established a natural connection between the Taoist community and medical practitioners,therefore,many famous doctors in later generations,who are highly respected,are as known as Taoists.As one kind of the essential skills for Taoist practitioners,the technique of external alchemy is rooted in the theory of yin-yang and five xing;The raw materials used are of the same origin as medical herbs,which provided an opportunity for their later integration.Since the Song and Yuan dynasties,under the strong influence of Neo Confucianism,Taoist’s thought gradually separated from medicine,and at the same time,external alchemy was forced to‘depend’upon traditional Chinese medicine under the influence of internal alchemy.From this,it can be seen that the so-called‘Taoist doctors’in later generations are essentially no different from‘traditional Chinese medicine’.

关 键 词：中医药 外丹术 医术 方士 道医 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论]