个性的时代危机与教育遭遇——兼论为个性生成的教育转型  

The Crisis of Personality in Our Era and Its Encounters with Education:On the Educational Shift towards Fostering Personality

作　　者：高德胜[1] 汤晨琦 GAO Desheng;TANG Chenqi(Institute of Curriculum and Instruction,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学课程与教学研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期132-142,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“我国基础教育课程改革根本问题的理论反思”(22JJD880025)。

摘　　要：个性是人的事实,世界上没有完全相同的两个人;个性也是值得追求的价值,个性消退是对人性尊严的冒犯与伤害,使人不能成为人。我们的时代有着深重的个性危机,一方面,过去时代的个性概念已经不再适用,理论界弥散着“主体死了”的悲叹;另一方面,商业与媒体社会造就着普遍趋同的“社会性格”,人的机器化的危机也前所未有。个性的危机与对个性的理解相关。对个性不能只从第三人称视角进行外在的、客观化的理解,必须有第一人称视角;不能只将个性理解为差异,个性意味着不可替代性;个性是主体性、动态性的。现代教育以同龄人的相同性预设为前提,对教育进行制作化理解,采取生产化模式,都是不利于个性生长的。为了个性的教育,应该是“弱式”教育、定位于行动的教育、从习得到发动与回应的教育。Personality is an inherent aspect of human existence;There are no two completely identical people in the world;Personality also represents a value worth pursuing;The erosion of personality is an offense and harm to human dignity,making people unable to become truly human.Our era is facing a profound crisis of personality.On the one hand,the concept of personality from past eras is no longer applicable,with the theoretical world filled with lamentations of“the death of the subject”;On the other hand,the influence of commerce and media has cultivated a homogenized“social character”,leading to an unprecedented crisis of human mechanization.The crisis of personality is tied to the understanding of personality.Personality cannot be understood only from an external,objectified third-person perspective,hence,a first-person perspective is essential.Furthermore,personality cannot be understood only as a marker of difference;It implies irreplaceability.Personality encompasses subjectivity and dynamism.Modern education presupposes the sameness of peers as a premise,understands education in a manufactured way,and adopts a production mode,all of which are detrimental to the development of personality.To encourage personality development,education should be“week”in its approach,action-oriented,and shifted from mere acquisition to proactive initiation and responsive engagement.

关 键 词：个性 个性危机 个性的意义 个性理解 个性教育 

分 类 号：C40-02[社会学]