论先验的观念论(1787年)  

On Transcendental Idealism

作　　者： 张云涛(译) Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi;Zhang Yun-tao

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]武汉大学哲学学院欧美宗教文化研究所

出　　处：《德国哲学》2024年第1期222-233,273,共13页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

摘　　要：耶可比是德国观念论的主要批判者之一,他引发和参与的哲学论争及其相关著述极大地影响和塑造了德国古典哲学的发展。在《论先验的观念论》中,耶可比宣称康德的先验观念论是一个不一致的系统。这种不一致表现在,它依赖有关物自体的预设,而该预设是无法认知的。但是它又宣称物自体在其中发挥诸多功用,这意味着物自体是可认知的。因此,它显然不是一个完备的理性系统。不仅如此,耶可比还指责康德的建构主义的认识论总是试图利用主观的形式对现实存在进行构建和解释,这样获得的只是主观的构造物,由此则会陷入主观主义的泥淖之中。Jacobi is one of the main critics of German idealism?The philosophical debates that he initiated and participated in and his relevant works greatly influenced and shaped the development of German classical philosophy?In On transcendental Idealism,Jacobi claims that Kant’s transcendental idealism is an inconsistent system?This inconsistency is manifested in that it depends on the presupposition of the Thing in Itself,which cannot be known?But it also claims that the Thing in Itself performs many functions in it,which implies that the Thing in Itself is cognizable?Therefore,it is obviously not a complete rational system?Moreover,Jacobi also accuses Kant’s constructivist epistemology of always trying to use the subjective form to construct and explain the real existence,which only contributes to the subjective constructions,thus falling into the mire of subjectivism?

关 键 词：先验观念论 知识学 虚无主义 

分 类 号：B516.39[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B516.31