人工智能与教育融合发展的成本-效益分析  

Cost-benefit Analysis of the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Education

作　　者：丁小浩[1,2] 杨素红 Ding Xiaohao;Yang Suhong(Institute of Economics of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Great Bay University,Dongguan 523000;School of Government,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871 [2]大湾区大学(筹),广东东莞523000 [3]中央财经大学政府管理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《教育学展望》2024年第7期90-101,共12页Education Prospects

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“数字化背景下的教育质量评价研究”(22JJD880002);中央财经大学教育教学改革基金2024年度资助课题(2024ZCJG40)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能技术的迅猛发展,其在教育领域的应用潜力逐步显现,受到全球教育政策制定者、实践者和研究者的高度重视。人工智能和教育的融合发展对提高教学效率、管理效率、科研效率和教育质量等展现出积极影响,同时也涉及到技术投资、数据管理、人力资源、实施维护等大量会计成本以及机会成本和外部性成本。其成本规模和结构的显著变化、前期和后期成本投入的差异性、成本-效益核算的复杂性、效益显现的滞后性、成本与效益归属主体的多元性与分离性等新特点使得合理的成本核算及效益分析更具挑战性。在充分认识人工智能给教育带来革命性变革的同时,也需要对其潜在的发展泡沫和对教育发展反噬风险的可能性有清醒的认识。需要优化成本分担机制,提高资源利用效率,增强成本投入意识,重视人工智能对促进教育发展和人的成长带来的实质性改善。With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(Al)technologies,their potential appli-cations in the education sector have progressively become apparent,attracting considerable attention from poli-cymakers,practitioners,and researchers globally.The integration of AI into education has shown positive effects in enhancing teaching efficiency,management effectiveness,research productivity,and overall educa-tional quality.However,this integration requires substantial investments in areas such as technological infra-structure,data management,human resources,as well as implementation and maintenance costs,including significant accounting costs,opportunity costs,and externalities.The profound changes in cost scale and structure,distinctions between initial and ongoing costs,complexities in cost-benefit analyses,delays in real-izing benefits,and the fragmentation of cost and benefit ownership pose considerable challenges for accurate cost accounting and benefit assessment.While the transformative impact of AI on education is undeniable,it is equally important to remain cognizant of the potential development bubbles and the risks of adverse effects on educational progress.Optimizing cost-sharing mechanisms,improving resource utilization efficiency,rai-sing awareness of AI investment,and emphasizing the substantial improvements AI can offer for educational development and human growth will be critical.

关 键 词：人工智能 教育数字化 成本-效益分析 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]