朱熹复原理解论系统之重构——两种“以意逆志”理解实践和阐述的结合  

Zhu Xi’s System of Literary Interpretation Reconstructed:A Seamless Integration of Two Kinds of Interpretive Practices and Theorization

作　　者： Zong-qi Cai

机构地区：[1]香港岭南大学中文系,中国香港

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期89-100,共12页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：由于不满汉儒断章取义的解诗传统,朱熹不仅提出了“章句以纲之,训诂以纪之,讽咏以昌之,涵濡以体之”四重维度的学诗法。在更高的理論层次上,这一学诗法实际上构成了一个双层次“以意逆志”的复原理解论。第一层次是开展章句训诂,舍弃对文辞实指的穿凿释义,同时又进行摆脱理念说教的动态结构分析,其中特别强调通过“兴”去把握诗篇文本的空隙,从而复原诗之本义。第二层次是超文本层面的理解,即在把握诗篇结构、文本之意的基础上,反复熟读涵泳,以求感通圣人之志。这两种紧密关联的“以意逆志”理解活动,使文本理解的实与虚贯通条畅,且从基本文意的理解上升到超文本层次的精神升华。朱熹这个四维度、双层次的理解论,可谓将孟子“以意逆志”说的潜能发挥到极致,实乃集古代文学理解论体系之大成。Dissatisfied with Han exegets’cannibalistic interpretation of the Book of Poetry诗经(hereafter the Poetry),Zhu Xi朱熹pioneered a four-fold approach to studying the Poetry:1)perceiving an inherent order of sections and sentences;2)conducting rigorous philological investigations;3)reading aloud and chanting;4)immersive reading.On a higher theoretical level,this four-fold approach constitutes a two-level reconstructive theory of interpretation within the broad framework of Mencius’s statement“Yi yi ni zhi”以意逆志(“Tracing the authorial intent through readerly conception/textual meanings”).The first level is a rigorous process of textual interpretation focused on philological glossing and structural analysis,while the second level is primarily a transtextual endeavor of chanting and immersive reading that ultimately leads to communion with the transformed minds of ancient sages.This dual-level theory is by far the most original and most systematic of all theories of interpretation developed in premodern China.

关 键 词：理解论 朱熹“ 以意逆志”说 讽诵与超文本理解 文本理解 《诗经》解读 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]