道德、运气与“道德运气”——论马基雅维利的Virtù转型  

Morality,Fortuna,and“Moral Luck”:On Machiavelli's Transformation of Virtù

作　　者：徐艳东[1] XU Yandong(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第5期19-32,共14页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“意大利文艺复兴与转型伦理研究”(18BZX114)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文艺复兴时期,社会和文化的大幅变革重塑了人们对于命运和美德的认识。马基雅维利重新定义了virtù和fortuna,将virtù的涵义从传统的美德德行转化为一种能力德行,突显其使人能够主动面对不确定的命运的作用。他通过突出virtù的动态和不稳定性,揭示了在新的历史阶段下道德的适应性和开放性。这种被重新解释的virtù作为对抗社会波动的关键力量,融合了道德和能力的复合属性,挑战了传统德性论。这一观点不仅为个体在面对命运的不确定性时提供了方向,也为政治实践和道德行为的理论基础带来了革新,深刻影响了文艺复兴时期的政治道德观念。During the Renaissance,significant social and cultural transformations reshaped people's understanding of fate and virtue.Machiavelli redefined virtùand fortuna,transforming virtùfrom a traditional moral virtue into a capability virtue,enabling individuals to proactively face uncertain fate.By emphasizing the dynamism and instability of virtù,he revealed the adaptability and openness of morality in this new historical phase.This reinterpretation of virtùas a key force against social fluctuations challenged traditional virtue ethics,shaping it into a composite attribute that merges moral and capability virtues.This perspective not only provides individuals with guidance in facing the uncertainties of fate but also brings innovation to the theoretical foundations of political practice and moral behavior,profoundly influencing the political and moral views of the Renaissance era.

关 键 词：文艺复兴 命运 virtù 马基雅维利 道德转型 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]