以良知说礼:王阳明礼学思想特质的再探索  

Explaining Ritual with Conscience:a Further Exploration of the Characteristics of Wang Yangming’s Ritual Thought

作　　者：殷慧[1] 廖春阳 YIN Hui;LIAO Chunyang(Yuelu Academy,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期18-25,共8页Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:中国礼教思想史(多卷本)(20&ZD030);贵州省2020年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大课题:王阳明及其后学的礼学思想研究(20GZGX08)。

摘　　要：阳明礼学思想主要被诠释为“以心言礼”或“以情说礼”。“以心言礼”说认为阳明在朱子“礼者,理也”的基础上提出“心即理”,从而打通心、礼之间的关系;其实“以心言礼”的言外之意是以良知言礼,只是阳明早年未能将“良知”二字点出。“以情说礼”能突显阳明学重情的特点,也更好地回应了礼之标准的问题;但人情背后真正具有判断作用的是良知,“以情说礼”最终仍要归本于良知。阳明把良知视作明觉之体,在礼学实践中力图唤醒人心之中的良知,弥合礼义和礼仪之间的隔阂,故“以良知说礼”方为阳明晚年礼学思想的定论与根本特质。由于阳明在讲学中不拘定法、因病施药,其弟子所体悟的良知也各有不同,这导致了阳明后学礼学思想的分派与流变。Wang Yangming’s ritual thought is commonly understood as“explaining ritual with mind”or“explaining ritual with emotion”.According to the viewpoint of“explaining ritual with mind”,Wang Yangming proposed the concept of“the mind is the principle”on the basis of Zhu Xi’s idea that“ritual is the principle”,thus connecting the mind and ritual.However,the implied meaning of“explaining ritual with mind”is to explain ritual with conscience.Wang Yangming failed to mention the word“conscience”in his early years.The viewpoint of“explaining ritual with emotion”helps to highlight Wang Yangming’s emphasis on emotions and responds to the issue of ritual standards better.However,the conscience plays an important role in human emotions,and“explaining ritual with emotion”must ultimately be anchored in conscience.Wang Yangming regarded conscience as the body of consciousness.In the practice of ritual studies,he sought to awaken the conscience in the human heart,bridge the gap between ritual and propriety,and thus“explaining ritual with conscience”was the conclusion and fundamental characteristic of Wang Yangming’s ritual thought in his later years.Wang Yangming’s disciples had diverse understandings of conscience benefited from his disregard for the existing laws and different prescriptions according to different defectiveness during his lectures,which led to the spread and evolution of Wang Yangming’s later research of ritual thought.

关 键 词：王阳明 以心言礼 以情说礼 以良知说礼 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]