跆拳道运动员后踢动作时下肢双侧生物力学差异性  

Bilateral Biomechanical Differences of Lower Limbs in Back Kick of Taekwondo Athletes

作　　者：杨子喆 马勇[1,2,3] 贾孟尧 刘林[1,2,3] 季欣 蔺世杰 郑伟涛[1,2,3] YANG Zi-zhe;MA Yong;JIA Meng-yao;LIU Lin;JI Xin;LIN Shi-jie;ZHENG Wei-tao(Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Department of Physical Education,Intelligent Sports Engineering Research Center,Northwest Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院运动健康智能装备湖北省工程研究中心,武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院国家体育总局体育工程重点实验室,武汉430079 [3]武汉体育学院湖北省运动装备工程技术研究中心,武汉430079 [4]西北工业大学体育部智能体育工程研究中心,西安710072

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第32期13726-13735,共10页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：武汉体育学院东湖学者计划;湖北省教育厅科学研究计划重点项目(D20194101);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2022JQ-051);武汉体育学院校级科研团队(21KT02);武汉体育学院“十四五”湖北省优势特色学科(群)(鄂教研(2021)5号)。

摘　　要：探讨跆拳道后踢技术动作时下肢优势侧和非优势侧的运动生物力学特征,对影响后踢技术完成率的影响因素进行分析。采用VICON三维动作捕捉系统和KISTLER三维测力台同步采集12名武汉体育学院优秀跆拳道运动员完成后踢动作下肢的运动学和动力学数据,采用配对样本T检验分析后踢动作优势侧和非优势侧之间的差异。结果表明:进攻腿髋关节屈曲力矩峰值(P=0.000)、功率峰值(P=0.006)非优势侧大于优势侧,外展最大角速度(P=0.014)优势侧大于非优势侧;支撑腿髋关节屈曲最大角速度(P=0.001)、伸展功率峰值(P=0.037)优势侧大于非优势侧,屈曲力矩峰值(P=0.022)非优势侧大于优势侧。进攻腿膝关节屈曲最大角度(P=0.003)、伸展功率峰值(P=0.044)优势侧大于非优势侧;支撑腿膝关节屈曲最大角度(P=0.006)、角速度(P=0.018)优势侧大于非优势侧,伸展最大角速度(P=0.022)非优势侧大于优势侧。支撑腿踝关节跖屈最大角速度(P=0.005)、功率峰值(P=0.035)、力矩峰值(P=0.005)优势侧大于非优势侧。进攻腿击打速度(P=0.002)、电子护具力度值(P=0.015)优势侧大于非优势侧。可见在提膝阶段,优势侧提膝时间更短,优势侧踝关节跖屈和非优势侧屈髋产生的能量输出更多;在踢击阶段,优势侧伸髋和伸膝的功率峰值较大,能有效提高击打速度;优势侧击打速度和击打力度值大于非优势侧,选择优势侧踢击可以提高后踢技术得分成功率。To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the dominant and non-dominant sides of the lower limbs in the back kick technique,and to analyze the influencing factors affecting the completion rate of the back kick technique.The kinematics and dynamics data of 12 excellent taekwondo athletes from Wuhan Sports University were collected by VICON 3D motion capture system and KISTLER 3D force measuring platform.The paired sample T test was used to analyze the difference between the dominant side and the non-dominant side of the back kick technique.The results show that the peak hip flexion moment(P=0.000)and peak power(P=0.006)of the non-dominant side of the attacking leg are higher than those of the dominant side,and the maximum abduction angular velocity(P=0.014)of the dominant side is higher than that of the non-dominant side.The maximum hip extension angular velocity(P=0.001)and peak extension power(P=0.037)of the dominant side of the supporting leg are higher than those of the non-dominant side,and the peak flexion moment(P=0.022)of the non-dominant side is higher than that of the dominant side.The maximum knee flexion angle(P=0.003)and the peak extension power(P=0.044)of the dominant side of the attacking leg are greater than those of the non-dominant side.The maximum knee flexion angle(P=0.006)and angular velocity(P=0.018)of the dominant side of the supporting leg are greater than those of the non-dominant side,and the maximum knee extension angular velocity(P=0.022)of the non-dominant side is greater than that of the dominant side.The maximum angular velocity(P=0.005),peak power(P=0.035),and peak torque(P=0.005)of ankle plantar flexion on the dominant side of the supporting leg are greater than those on the non-dominant side.The striking speed of attacking leg(P=0.002)and the strength value of electronic protector(P=0.015)on the dominant side are greater than those on the non-dominant side.It is concluded that in the knee raising phase,the time of knee raising on the dominant side is shorter,and the ener

关 键 词：后踢 下肢不对称 角速度 力矩 地反力 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]