发达国家医学教育发展特征、挑战和改革趋势——以英法荷美日为例  

Characteristics,Challenges and Reform Trends of Medical Education Development in Developed Countries:Taking UK,France,Netherlands,USA,and Japan as Examples

作　　者：赵宏媚 熊梓吟 陆程程 李剑 赵文华[1] ZHAO Hongmei;XIONG Ziyin;LU Chengcheng;LI Jian;ZHAO Wenhua(School of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学教育学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学医学院,上海200025

出　　处：《世界教育信息》2024年第11期28-40,共13页Journal of World Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度重大项目“中国高校科技创新团队管理与合作有效性研究”(编号:22&ZD308);教育部教育管理信息中心2023年度国外教育研究委托课题“医学教育国际比较研究及其数据库建设”(编号:EMIC-YJC-20230006)。

摘　　要：全球医学教育体系不断演变,各国医学教育采取不同的策略方法,以应对不断变化的社会发展需求和医疗需求。文章对英国、法国、荷兰、美国和日本五个发达国家的医学教育现状进行分析,剖析其医学教育体系特征、面临的挑战及共性的发展趋势,以期为我国医学教育改革提供借鉴。研究表明,英国具备灵活多元的医学人才培养模式、法国设置了高标准选拔机制、荷兰展现了“医学+X”人才培养的区域协同性、美国重视群体多样性和科研能力培养、日本关注实践导向和伦理教育。各国分别面临着课程内容与临床实践脱节、考试压力下的教育资源浪费、实习机会分配和质量发展不均衡、教育高成本和学生债务负担重、教育体系未能有效应对人口老龄化需求的主要挑战。各国医学教育体现出扩大规模、培养复合型人才、推进现代技术和医学教育的深度融合、“以患者为中心”开展人才培养的共性发展趋势。The global medical education system is continually evolving,with various countries implementing distinct strategies and approaches to adapt to the dynamic demands of societal development and healthcare needs.This article presents a study of the current state of medical education in five developed countries:the United Kingdom,France,the Netherlands,the United States,and Japan.It aims to analyze the characteristics of each country’s medical education systems,the challenges they face,and the common future development trends,aiming to provide insights for the reform of medical education in China.The study demonstrates that the UK has a flexible and diversified medical talent training model,France has established a rigorous selection mechanism,the Netherlands has exemplified regional synergy through the integration of‘Medicine+X’talent training,the US has emphasized the importance of group diversity and scientific research ability training,and Japan has prioritized practical,ethics-centered education.The primary challenges encountered by each country are the disconnect between curriculum content and clinical practice,the squandering of educational resources due to exam pressures,the uneven distribution and quality development of internships,the high cost of education and the onerous burden of student debt,and the inability of the education system in addressing the needs of an ageing population.The development of medical education in various countries reflects a common trend:expanding access,cultivating multidisciplinary medical talents,advancing the integration of modern technology with medical education,and adopting a patient-centered approach to training.In light of its own actual situation,China should proactively pursue comprehensive reform of medical education.

关 键 词：医学教育 核心特征 主要挑战 共性发展趋势 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]