不同亚麻籽水平饲粮对舍饲牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Different Flaxseed Level Diets on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Rumen Microbiota Structure of House-Fed Yaks

作　　者：张曼 王书祥 程晨旭 申迪 杨英魁 王迅[1] 吕佳颖 刘文辉[1] 张纪元 刘书杰[1] 孔祥颖 柴沙驼[1] ZHANG Man;WANG Shuxiang;CHENG Chenxu;SHEN Di;YANG Yingkui;WANG Xun;LYU Jiaying;LIU Wenhui;ZHANG Jiyuan;LIU Shujie;KONG Xiangying;CHAI Shatuo(Qinghai Yak Engineering Technology Research Center,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science for Plateau Grazing Livestock,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7081-7096,共16页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：青海高海拔地区特色养殖提质增效关键技术集成与示范项目(2022YFD1602301)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同亚麻籽水平饲粮对舍饲牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃菌群结构的影响。试验选取体重接近、健康状况良好的2~3岁雄性牦牛60头,随机分为4组,每组15头牛。各组分别饲喂亚麻籽水平分别为0(A组,对照组)、5%(B组)、10%(C组)、15%(D组)的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)C和D组的干物质采食量显著高于A组(P<0.05),B和C组的料重比显著低于A组(P<0.05)。2)B和D组的血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于A组(P<0.05),D组的血清尿素氮含量显著高于A组(P<0.05)。3)B、C和D组的瘤胃pH显著高于A组(P<0.05),B、C和D组的瘤胃氨态氮、微生物蛋白含量显著低于A组(P<0.05),B组的瘤胃乙酸/丙酸显著低于A组(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,B和C组的瘤胃厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著高于A组(P<0.05),B和C组的瘤胃拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度显著低于A组(P<0.05),B组的瘤胃变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度显著高于A组(P<0.05),B、C和D组的瘤胃放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)相对丰度显著低于A组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,B、C和D组的瘤胃理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)相对丰度显著低于A组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加5%的亚麻籽提高了牦牛生长性能和瘤胃液优良菌门的相对丰度。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different flaxseed level diets on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbiota structure of house-fed yaks.Sixty male yaks aged 2 to 3 years with similar body weight and good health condition were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 yaks in each group.Yaks in 4 groups were fed experimental diets which flaxseed levels were 0(group A,control group)5%(group B),10%(group C)and 15%(group D),respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted for 15 days,and the experimental period lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)the dry matter intake of groups C and D was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio of groups B and C was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).2)The serum alanine aminotransferase activity of groups B and D was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),and the serum urea nitrogen content of group D was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05).3)The rumen pH of groups B,C and D was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),the contents of ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein in rumen of groups C and D was significantly lower than those of group A(P<0.05),and the rumen acetate/propionate of group B was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).4)At phylum level,the rumen Firmicutes relative abundance of groups B and C was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),the rumen Bacteroidota relative abundance of groups B and C was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05),the rumen Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria relative abundances of group B was significantly higher than those of group A(P<0.05),the rumen Actinobacteriota relative abundance of groups B,C and D was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).At genus level,the rumen Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group relative abundance of groups B,C and D was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of

关 键 词：牦牛 亚麻籽 生长性能 血清生化指标 瘤胃发酵 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]