接种乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮饲料有氧稳定性和霉菌毒素含量的影响  

Effects of Inoculation with Lactic Acid Bacteria on Aerobic Stability and Mycotoxin Contents in Whole-Plant Corn Silages

作　　者：梁宇成 王文博 原现军 蔡欣宇 齐博康 鲍宇红 LIANG Yucheng;WANG Wenbo;YUAN Xianjun;CAI Xinyu;QI Bokang;BAO Yuhong(Institute of Grass Science,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass,College of Prataculture Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;State Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement of Tibetan Barley and Yak,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,拉萨850000 [2]南京农业大学草业学院饲草调制与加工贮藏研究所,南京210095 [3]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,拉萨850000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7383-7393,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：牦牛产业关键技术研究与应用示范(2021YDF1600202);国家自然科学基金项目(32271773)。

摘　　要：本试验以前期筛选获得的具有潜在抑菌和脱毒活性的副干酪乳杆菌LS2(Lactobacillus paracasei LS2)、植物乳杆菌S6-2(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S6-2)和干酪乳杆菌GD2-1(Lactobacillus casei GD2-1)3株乳酸菌为研究对象,探讨其对全株玉米青贮饲料有氧稳定性和霉菌毒素的影响。试验将田间遭受霉菌侵染(FI组)和霉菌未侵染(NFI组)全株玉米分别进行以下接种剂处理:1)未接种乳酸菌对照(CON处理);2)接种副干酪乳杆菌LS2(LS2处理);3)接种植物乳杆菌S6-2(S6-2处理);4)接种干酪乳杆菌GD2-1(GD2-1处理)。青贮180 d后开窖,将各组青贮饲料暴露于空气中4 d,期间动态取样分析全株玉米青贮饲料的发酵参数、化学组分、微生物数量和霉菌毒素含量。结果表明:1)无论是否遭受霉菌侵染,LS2处理有氧暴露4 d后全株玉米青贮饲料pH最低;NFI组中LS2处理乳酸和乙酸含量最高。2)NFI组S6-2和GD2-1处理酵母菌和霉菌数量在有氧暴露第2天时快速上升,之后GD2-1处理保持稳定,而S6-2处理略有下降;FI组各处理酵母菌和霉菌数量在有氧暴露期间整体呈现上升趋势。3)田间霉菌侵染显著提高了全株玉米青贮饲料黄曲霉毒素B 1(AFB 1)含量(P<0.05),各乳酸菌接种剂处理显著降低了AFB 1含量(P<0.05),GD2-1处理降低了玉米赤霉烯酮含量(P<0.05),而GD2-1处理显著降低了呕吐毒素含量(P<0.05)。4)无论是否遭受霉菌侵染,LS2处理均维持了最长的有氧稳定时间,有氧稳定性显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。综上所述,青贮饲料有氧暴露后,田间霉菌侵染使全株玉米青贮饲料品质进一步下降并导致有氧腐败提前;无论是否遭受霉菌侵染,接种副干酪乳杆菌LS2的全株玉米青贮饲料在有氧暴露期间始终保持着较高的乳酸和乙酸含量,并维持了最高的有氧稳定性。This experiment focused on the potential antibacterial and detoxifying activities of three strains of lactic acid bacteria as Lactobacillus paracasei LS2,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S6-2 and Lactobacillus casei GD2-1,which were screened in the preliminary stage,and aimed to investigate their effects on the aerobic stability and mycotoxin contents in whole-plant corn silages.The experimental whole-plant corns from fields either infected(FI group)or not infected(NFI group)with fungi were ensiled with the following inoculant treatments:1)no lactic acid bacteria inoculation control(CON treatment);2)inoculation with Lactobacillus paracasei LS2(LS2 treatment);3)inoculation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S6-2(S6-2 treatment);4)inoculation with Lactobacillus casei GD2-1(GD2-1 treatment),respectively.After 180 days of silage fermentation,the silage pits were opened,and the samples from each group were exposed to air for 4 days to analyze of fermentation parameters,chemical composition,microbial counts and mycotoxin contents in whole-plant corn silages.The results showed as follows:1)regardless of fungal infection,LS2 treatment displayed the lowest pH in whole-plant corn silages after 4-day of aerobic exposure;and LS2 treatment in NFI group showed the highest lactic acid and acetic acid contents.2)In NFI group,the numbers of yeasts and molds in S6-2 and GD2-1 treatments increased rapidly on the second day of aerobic exposure,after which GD2-1 treatment remained stable,while S6-2 treatment decreased slightly.In FI group,the numbers of yeasts and molds in each treatment showed an overall increasing trend during aerobic exposure.3)Field fungal infection significantly increased the aflatoxin B 1(AFB 1)content in whole-plant corn silages(P<0.05),all lactic acid bacteria inoculant treatments significantly decreased the AFB 1 content(P<0.05),GD2-1 treatment significantly decreased the zearalenone content(P<0.05),and GD2-1 treatment significantly decreased the deoxynivalenol content(P<0.05).4)Regardless of fungal infection,L

关 键 词：全株玉米青贮 乳酸菌 有氧稳定性 霉菌毒素 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]