释“贤”  

Interpretation of the Xian(贤)

作　　者：张素凤 张艳丽[1,2] ZHANG Sufeng;ZHANG Yanli

机构地区：[1]郑州大学汉字文明研究中心 [2]郑州大学文学院

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2024年第3期29-40,125,共13页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：教育部重大专项重大项目“古文字构形系统发展研究与数据库建设”(2024JZDZ048);河南省高校中华优秀传统文化传承发展专项课题“汉字与中华文明”(2023-WHZD-01);郑州大学教学改革重点项目“跨文化视野下的语言学纲要课程教学改革”(2023ZZUJGXM018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“贤”的初文作“臤”,字形构意是手眼共同用力的射箭意象,本义是善于射箭或善于射箭的人。射箭时精神要高度集中,因此其核心义是“紧固”。“贤”的本义“善于射箭或善于射箭的人”,可把“才能突出”“德行好”“德才兼备”“浊酒”“胜过,超过”“好、美善”等意义贯穿起来。《汉语大字典》所列的“贤”的义项“多财也”“多”“大”等缺乏可靠的文献例证,应该从“贤”的义项中删除;而“浊酒”义则应增补为“贤”的义项。The original form of xian(贤)is“臤”.Its character composition symbolizes the imagery of hands and eyes working together to shoot an arrow,with its original meaning being skilled in archery or a person skilled in archery.During archery,a high level of concentration is required,hence its core meaning being“to tighten”or“to secure”.The original meaning of“贤”as“skilled in archery or a person skilled in archery”can be extended to encompass meanings such as“outstanding talent”,“good moral character”,“possessing both virtue and talent”,“turbid wine”,“surpassing”,“excellent and goodness”.The defi nitions of“贤”listed in the Hanyu Da Zidian(《汉语大字典》),such as“having wealth”or“abundant”lack reliable literary evidence and should be removed from the defi nitions of“贤”;meanwhile,the meaning of“turbid wine”should be added as a defi nition of“贤”.

关 键 词：贤 臤 射箭 构形系统 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语] H13