张岱年先生哲学方法论的内在结构及逻辑展开  

The Internal Structure and Logical Development of Zhang Dainian’s Philosophical Methodology

作　　者：左明家 张新国 ZUO Mingjia;ZHANG Xinguo(Department of Philosophy,Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学哲学系,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2024年第6期67-75,共9页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：江西省社会科学“十四五”基金项目(23WT49);江西省研究生创新专项基金项目(YC2023-S051)。

摘　　要：张岱年先生提出,逻辑包括传统逻辑(演绎法)、归纳法和辩证法三种基本类型,三者各有其适用范围,相互补足又相互否定,且辩证法含容归纳,归纳法包含演绎。演绎法、归纳法与辩证法又呈逐级递进式的三级逻辑方法构型。在此基础上,张先生又指出哲学尚有逻辑之外的“专门方法”或“特有方法”,即“哲学的慧观”,并将此融会到其哲学方法论体系之中,建构了以逻辑之际的哲学方法和逻辑以外的直觉法为核心的内在结构复杂、逻辑展开严密的哲学方法论系统。另外,张先生把存诚、善疑、能辟等精神修养范畴作为哲学方法运用之基础,以此完成了他的哲学方法论体系。Mr.Zhang Dainian proposed that logic includes three basic types:traditional logic(deduction),induction,and dialectics.Each of them has its own scope of application,complementing and negating each other.Dialectics contains induction,and induction contains deduction.Deduction,induction,and dialectics form a three-level logical method structure in a progressive manner.On this basis,Mr.Zhang also pointed out that philosophy has“special methods”or“unique methods”beyond logic,namely“philosophical wisdom”,and integrated this into his philosophical methodology system,constructing a philosophical methodology system that is complex in its internal structure and rigorous in its logical development,centered on a philosophical method that combines methods at the intersection of logic and intuitive methods beyond logic.In addition,Mr.Zhang regards spiritual cultivation categories such as sincerity,skepticism,and discernment as the foundation of philosophical methodology application,thus completing his philosophical methodology system.

关 键 词：张岱年 哲学方法论 逻辑 直觉法 

分 类 号：B26[哲学宗教—中国哲学]