不同干燥方法对梅花品质的影响及评价  

Impact and evaluation of different drying methods on the quality of Prunus mume flowers

作　　者：陈樱之 孔恩 卢心可 王艺光[1] 董彬[1] 赵宏波[1] CHEN Yingzhi;KONG En;LU Xinke;WANG Yiguang;DONG Bin;ZHAO Hongbo(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants,College of Landscape and Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院浙江省园林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室/南方园林植物种质创新与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2024年第6期1261-1273,共13页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江省农业(花卉新品种选育)新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02071-1);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(〔2022〕TS01-3);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300905)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同干燥方法对梅Prunus mume干花品质的影响,并对其进行综合评价,为实际干燥加工中保持梅花的品质提供参考。【方法】采用热风干燥法、微波干燥法、复合干燥法和真空冷冻干燥法对8个梅花品种‘东方朱砂’‘Dongfang Zhusha’、‘骨红朱砂’‘Guhong Zhusha’、‘晓红宫粉’‘Xiaohong Gongfen’、‘粉皮宫粉’‘Fenpi Gongfen’、‘粉台玉蝶’‘Fentai Yudie’、‘月光玉蝶’‘Yueguang Yudie’、‘久观绿萼’‘Jiuguang Lve’、‘素玉绿萼’‘Suyu Lve’的鲜花进行干燥,以色差值、抗氧化能力、总黄酮质量分数等作为评价指标,比较不同干燥方法对梅花品质的影响,运用熵权-变异系数法组合赋权计算综合评分,并用加权逼近理想解排序法验证评价模型,得到最优的干燥方法。【结果】4种干燥方法中,真空冷冻干燥处理的梅花色差值与收缩率最小,分别小于33.09、28.7%,且样品总黄酮、花青素、总绿原酸质量分数最高。真空冷冻干燥法与复合干燥法处理材料的可溶性蛋白质质量分数最高,抗氧化能力最强。挥发性成分在复合干燥后保留率最高,大于50%。综合评分排名由高到低依次为真空冷冻干燥组、复合干燥组、热风干燥组、微波干燥组。【结论】4种干燥方法中真空冷冻干燥法后有效成分质量分数最高,其次为复合干燥法。真空冷冻干燥与复合干燥后梅花品质较佳,可用于梅花精品加工与干花批量生产。[Objective]The impact of different drying methods on the quality of dried Prunus mume flowers is to be studied and evaluated,so as to provide reference for maintaining the quality of dried P.mume flowers in drying process.[Method]4 different drying methods(hot air drying,microwave drying,compound drying and vacuum freeze-drying)were used to treat 8 P.mume flower cultivars(‘Dongfang Zhusha’‘Guhong Zhusha’‘Xiaohong Gongfen’‘Fenpi Gongfen’‘Fentai Yudie’‘Yueguang Yudie’‘Jiuguang Lve’and‘Suyu Lv’).Color difference,antioxidant capacity,and total flavonoid content were used as evaluation indicators to compare the impact of different drying methods on the quality of P.mume flowers.The entropy weight-coefficient of variation method was used for combined weighting to calculate the comprehensive score.The evaluation model was verified by the weighted proximation ideal solution sorting method and the optimal drying method was obtained.[Result]The color difference and shrinkage rate treated with vacuum freeze-drying were the smallest,less than 33.09 and 28.7%,respectively,and the total flavonoids,anthocyanins,and total chlorogenic acid mass fractions of the samples were the highest.The soluble protein mass fraction and antioxidant capacity of the materials treated with vacuum freezing and composite drying methods were the highest.The retention rate of volatile substances was the highest after composite drying,exceeding 50%.The comprehensive scores ranking from high to low was vacuum freeze-drying group,composite drying group,hot air drying group,and microwave drying group.[Conclusion]The mass fraction of active ingredients is the highest after vacuum freeze-drying,followed by composite drying.The quality of P.mume flowers is the best after vacuum freeze-drying and composite drying,which can be used for high-quality processing and mass production.

关 键 词：梅花 干燥方法 花色 花香 抗氧化性 

分 类 号：S685.17[农业科学—观赏园艺]