不同生物炭对麦田土壤酶活性、细菌群落及理化性质的影响  

Effects of Different Biochars on Soil Enzyme Activities,Bacterial Community and Physicochmical Properties in Wheat Fields

作　　者：韦庆翠[1] 姜娜英 刘玉婷 张衡锋[1] 张焕朝 WEI Qingcui;JIANG Naying;LIU Yuting;ZHANG Hengfeng;ZHANG Huanchao(Department of Horticulture and Landscape,Jiangsu Agrianimal Husbandry Vocational College,Taizhou 225300,China;College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏农牧科技职业学院园林园艺学院,泰州225300 [2]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期20-27,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：泰州市科技支撑计划社会发展(指导性)项目(泰科计[2023]15号);江苏农牧科技职业技术校级科研项目(NSF2022ZR17);江苏农牧科技职业学院科技创新团队项目(NSF2023TC04);江苏高校“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人培养项目(苏教师函[2024]2号)。

摘　　要：为探究土壤酶、土壤细菌群落和土壤理化性质对不同生物炭输入的响应特征,以及为大麦种植和根际微生态定向调控提供科学依据,该研究采用大田试验,分析不同种类(木屑、花生壳、秸秆)和处理水平(0 t·hm^(-2)、10 t·hm^(-2)、20 t·hm^(-2)、30 t·hm^(-2))生物炭对土壤酶活性、理化性质、细菌多样性及群落结构和大麦产量的影响。结果表明:随着3种生物炭处理水平的提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脲酶(URE)、蔗糖酶(INV)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性呈现出不同的变化趋势,且均显著高于CK;土壤pH值和田间持水量持续上升,土壤总孔隙度、有机质、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾均显著高于CK;所有处理的大麦产量均高于CK,其中以20 t·hm^(-2)的花生壳生物炭处理产量最高;3种生物炭均显著提高了土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性,提升了酸性菌门、绿湾菌门、厚壁菌门、Methylomirabilota和芽单胞菌门相对丰度;CAT与变形菌门之间存在显著负相关性,CAT、INV、ACP与厚壁菌门、土壤总空隙度之间具有显著或极显著相关性。总体而言,3种生物炭对调控麦田土壤微生态环境均具有积极作用,CAT可能是反映麦田土壤细菌群落结构变化的关键酶,土壤总孔隙度可能是影响土壤微生物活动和酶活性的核心因子,无机肥配施20 t·hm^(-2)的花生壳生物炭是最佳施肥方案。To explore the response characteristics of soil enzymes,soil bacterial communities,and soil physicochemical properties to different biochar inputs,and to provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of barley and the targeted regulation of rhizosphere microecology,field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of different types (wood chips,peanut shells,straw) and treatment levels (0 t·hm~(-2),10 t·hm~(-2),20 t·hm~(-2),30 t·hm~(-2)) of the biochar on the soil enzyme activity,physicochemical properties,bacterial diversity and community structure,and barley yield.The results indicated that with increasing levels of the three biochar treatments,the activities of catalase (CAT),urease (URE),invertase (INV),and acid phosphatase (ACP) presented different trends,and were significantly higher than that of the control (CK).The soil pH and field water holding capacity continuously increased,while the total porosity,soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were significantly higher than that of CK.After all biochar treatments,the barley yield was higher than that of CK,with the highest yield observed in the20 t·hm~(-2) of peanut shell biochar treatment.All three types of biochar significantly increased the richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities,and enhanced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,Methylomirabilota,and Gemmatimonadetes.There was a significant negative correlation between the CAT and the Proteobacteria phylum.CAT,INV,and ACP showed very significant or significant positive correlations with the Firmicutes phylum and total soil porosity.In general,three types of biochar all had a positive effect on regulating the micro-ecological environment of the wheat field soil.The CAT might be a key enzyme that could reflect changes in the structure of some soil bacterial communities.The total soil porosity might be the core factor affecting the soil microbial activity and enzyme activity.The application of 20 t·hm~(-2) of peanu

关 键 词：麦田 生物炭 酶 细菌 理化性质 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]