经典与诠释——11—12世纪西藏“道次第”文本的本土化特点研究  

Classic and Interpretation——A Study on the Localization Characteristics of the “Stages of the Path to Enlightenment” Texts from the 11th to the 12th Centuries

作　　者：周拉[1] 拉毛肖 vBrug lha;Bla-ma-skyabs

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学藏学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第3期99-107,214,215,共11页China Tibetology

摘　　要：公元11世纪中叶,阿底峡在西藏阿里托林寺撰写《菩提道灯论》一文,提出以“三士夫”为基本框架的“道次第”学说,成为藏传佛教“道次第”学说的经典文本。之后,仲敦巴等西藏本土学者对《菩提道灯论》进行注释,诸多诠释文本相继问世,从叙述方法、语言表述、思维方式以及修行实践等方面丰富和推进了“道次第”思想学说。文章归纳出“道次第”经典文本三大诠释体系,即纳措译师系、仲敦巴系以及俄译师系。仲系之《喻法论》和《蓝色袖珍本》等诠释文本本土化特点尤为突出。后弘期初期“道次第”思想传播历程中,先后以阿里托林寺、聂塘、热振寺以及彭域为中心,呈现出中心迁移演变现象。文章利用教法史料、人物传记以及早期“道次第”文本,分析“道次第”经典文本和诠释文本的互动互证关系、噶当派“道次第”文本中的本土化叙述方式以及“道次第”学说重心演变过程,尝试解析“道次第”本土化的具体表现和历史进程。研究这一时期“道次第”思想本土化的过程能够为藏传佛教教义阐释工作提供新的视角,同时,也对讨论新时代藏传佛教中国化这一议题有重要的借鉴意义。In the mid 11th century, Atis' a wrote the Bodhipathapradīpa in the mTho-lding Monastery in western Xizang, and proposed the theory of the “stages of the path to enlightenment” with “three types of person” as the basic framework, which became the classic text of the “stages of the path to enlightenment” theory of Tibetan Buddhism Thence, vBrom-ston-pa and other local scholars in Xizang annotated theBodhipathapradīpa, and the interpretative texts came out one after another, enriching and promoting the “stages of the path to enlightenment” theory from the aspects of narrative methods, language expression, thinking mode and practice This article summarizes the three major interpretive systems of the “stages of the path to enlightenment” classic texts, namely the Nag-tsho translator system, the vBrom-ston-pa system, and the rNgog translator system The localization characteristics of “stages of the path to enlightenment” interpretive texts such asdPe chosandBevu bum sngon poare particularly prominent At the beginning of the second diffusion of Tibetan Buddhism, with the spread of the theory of the “stages of the path to enlightenment” in Xizang, there appeared four major geographical centers, namely the mTho-lding Monastery in mNgav-ris, sNye-thang, Rwa-sgreng Monastery, and vPhan-yul, showing the phenomenon of center migration and evolution This article uses historical materials of Tibetan Buddhism, biographies, and early texts of the “stages of the path to enlightenment” to analyze the interactive and mutually reinforcing relationship between classic texts of the “stages of the path to enlightenment” and interpretive texts, the localized narrative methods in the texts of the “stages of the path to enlightenment” of the bKav-gdams-pa school, and the evolution process of geographical centers of the theory of “stages of the path to enlightenment”, and attempts to analyze the specific manifestations and historical process of the localization of “stages of the path to enlig

关 键 词：藏传佛教 道次第思想 本土化 诠释学 

分 类 号：B946.6[哲学宗教—宗教学]