中国哲学感应说与儒家中庸说的唯物论、实践论诠释  

From Materialism and Practicalism to Interpreting“Sensation”and“the Golden Mean”

作　　者：何光顺 He Guangshun

机构地区：[1]四川大学古籍整理研究所,成都610065

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期18-29,230,231,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“从物化到物感的中华美学时空思维结构演进研究”(18BZX136)。

摘　　要：中国哲学的“感应”论与儒家“中庸”思想关系密切,并可以从“唯物论”与“实践论”的双重角度予以诠释。“感应”论包括“感物”和“应时”两个环节,它是意识主体在意向性的实践活动中所达致的一种居间化和两极性的平衡状态。“感应”论中的“物”不是简单的物质或质料,而是在主体实践活动中先是被直观体验而后被主体依其自身理性法则的自觉并借助媒介或工具予以改造之物。从根本上说,唯物论就是实践论,就是强调人与事物对立而又统一的矛盾辩证关系,并进而在实践中顺应以实现对自身和世界的改造。主体“感物”,就是从内在性和直观性上建立主体与事物的直向关系;主体“应时”,是在一种时机化处境中,借助居间性的媒介,建立主体与事物的实践关系。中国哲学的“感应”论在孔子的“中庸”思想那里获得了其理性的原则和方法论的自觉,并具有从内在性转向外在性、从自发性走向反思性、从直接性走向间接性、从沉思性走向实践性的多重特征。The theory of sensation in Chinese philosophy is closely connected with the Confucian thought of the golden mean,which can be interpreted from dual perspectives of materialism and practicalism.The theory of sensation consists of sensing things and responding to time.It is a balanced state of intermediation and bipolarity that is achieved by the conscious subject in the practice of intentionality.Objects in the theory of sensation are not simply referring to substance or material,but something that is first intuitively experienced by the subject in his practical activities and then transformed according to his consciousness of rational law and with the help of media or tools.Fundamentally speaking,materialism is practicalism,which emphasizes the contradictory and dialectical relationship between human beings and things,and then adapts to it in practice to achieve transformation of themselves and the world.For the subject,sensing things is to establish a direct relationship between the subject and things from the intrinsic and intuitive point of view.Responding to time means building a practical relationship between the subject and things by virtue of intermediary media in a kind of opportune situation.The theory of sensation in Chinese philosophy has gained its rational principle and methodological consciousness from Confucius'thought of the golden mean.Moreover,it has multiple characteristics that shifted from interiority to exteriority,from spontaneity to reflection,from directness to indirectness,and from contemplation to practice.

关 键 词：感应 中庸 唯物论 实践论 居间性 媒介化 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]