重要农作物秸秆对大球盖菇农艺性状和营养品质的影响  

The Influence of straw from important crops on agronomic traits and nutritional quality of Stropharia rugosoannulata

作　　者：陈怡彤 雷琳钰 边银丙[1] 康恒 周雁[1] CHEN Yitong;LEI Lingyu;BIAN Yinbing;KANG Heng;ZHOU Yan(Institute of Applied Mycology of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学应用真菌研究所,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《食药用菌》2024年第6期419-425,共7页Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划(2021BBA254)。

摘　　要：为探究大球盖菇对不同秸秆基质的降解能力以及不同秸秆基质栽培的子实体农艺性状和营养品质表现差异,以稻草、麦秸、玉米秸秆为试验原料开展大球盖菇栽培效果研究,对基质中木质纤维素相对降解率、出菇产量、生物学效率及子实体粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗多糖、氨基酸含量进行测定分析。结果表明,大球盖菇主要降解秸秆中的纤维素,选择性降解半纤维素,不易降解木质素。纤维素以稻草基质降解最快,播种30 d后相对降解率达73.27%;半纤维素和木质素均以麦秸基质降解较快,相对降解率分别为44.30%和54.03%;玉米秸秆基质纤维素的降解选择性最高,达89.18%,但降解速度次于稻草基质,相对降解率为57.12%。产量和生物学效率以麦秸和玉米秸秆基质较高,分别为3.77 kg/m^(2)、37.65%和3.80 kg/m^(2)、38.04%,显著高于稻草基质,子实体外观性状无显著差异。子实体营养品质方面,3种基质的子实体粗蛋白含量无显著差异;玉米秸秆基质的子实体粗脂肪与粗纤维含量较高,但粗多糖含量显著较低。相关性分析表明,大球盖菇半纤维素降解能力与粗脂肪含量呈显著负相关;稻草基质的子实体氨基酸组成更符合优质蛋白标准,麦秸基质的子实体滋味氨基酸更丰富。本研究可为优化培养料配方生产优质大球盖菇提供参考依据。To investigate the differences in degradation ability,agronomic traits,and nutritional quality of Stropharia rugosoannulata grown on different straw substrates,rice straw,wheat straw,and corn stalks were used as experimental materials for cultivating S.rugosoannulata.The relative degradation rate of lignocellulose,mushroom yield,biological efficiency,and the contents of protein,fat,fiber,polysaccharides,and amino acid were measured and analyzed.The results showed that S.rugosoannulata mainly degraded cellulose in straw,selectively degraded hemicellulose,and had difficulty degrading lignin.The degradation of cellulose was the fastest in the rice straw substrate,with a relative degradation rate of 73.27%after 30 days of inoculation;both hemicellulose and lignin degraded more quickly in the wheat straw substrate,with relative degradation rates of 44.30%and 54.03%,respectively;the selectivity of cellulose degradation was highest in the corn straw substrate at 89.18%,but the degradation rate was slower than that of the rice straw substrate,with a relative degradation rate of 57.12%.The yield and biological efficiency were higher in the wheat straw and corn straw substrates,being 3.77 kg/m²and 37.65%,and 3.80 kg/m²and 38.04%,respectively,significantly higher than those in the rice straw substrate,while there was no significant difference in the appearance of the fruiting bodies.In terms of nutritional quality,there was no significant difference in crude protein content among the three substrates.The corn straw substrate had higher contents of crude fat and crude fiber,but it had significantly lower crude polysaccharide content.Correlation analysis indicated that the ability of S.rugosoannulata to degrade hemicellulose was significantly negatively correlated with the crude fat content.The amino acid composition of the fruiting bodies grown on the rice straw substrate was more consistent with high-quality protein standards,while the fruiting bodies from the wheat straw substrate substrate exhibited a more diverse array

关 键 词：大球盖菇 秸秆 木质纤维素降解 农艺性状 营养品质 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]