生淀粉降解酶的研究进展  

Research Progress in Raw Starch Degrading Enzymes

作　　者：宁珂 张皓然 赵凯[1] NING Ke;ZHANG Haoran;ZHAO Kai(School of Food Engineering,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《食品科学》2024年第24期316-327,共12页Food Science

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2020C062)。

摘　　要：生淀粉降解酶(raw starch degrading enzyme,RSDE)是指能够在糊化温度以下直接降解淀粉颗粒的淀粉酶。该酶使用时不需要对淀粉进行糊化处理,在淀粉加工过程中减少了能源消耗,能够降低淀粉基产品的生产成本,所以具有广阔的应用前景。不是所有酶都能直接作用于淀粉颗粒,也不是所有未经糊化的淀粉都能够被淀粉酶水解,对现有资料进行综述,分析RSDE对于淀粉颗粒的作用机制具有重要意义。本文对RSDE水解淀粉颗粒的机理进行了系统梳理,详述了RSDE对淀粉的作用方式,从淀粉类型和RSDE种类的角度对淀粉颗粒的水解机理进行了总结;阐述了RSDE的来源;分析了酶的作用条件、金属离子和淀粉颗粒结合蛋白等影响RSDE活性的因素;最后介绍了RSDE在淀粉工业中的应用情况,旨在为RSDE的进一步开发应用提供依据和新思路。Raw starch degrading enzymes(RSDE)refer to amylases that can directly degrade starch granules below the gelatinization temperature of starch.The enzymes have broad application prospects because they can degrade starch without gelatinization,which reduces the energy consumption of starch processing and the production cost of starch-based products.However,not all amylases can directly act on starch granules,and not all ungelatinized starch can be hydrolyzed by amylases.It is of great significance to review what is currently known about the action mechanism of RSDE on starch granules.This review systematically summarizes the mechanism underlying the hydrolysis of starch granules by RSDE from the perspectives of starch type and RSDE type and elaborates on the action mode of RSDE on starch.Thereafter,this review outlines the sources of RSDE and analyzes the factors affecting RSDE activity,such as amylase action conditions,metal ions,and starch granule-associate protein.Finally,it summarizes the application of RSDE in the starch industry.This review provides a basis and new ideas for the further development and application of RSDE.

关 键 词：生淀粉降解酶 淀粉颗粒 水解机理 影响因素 应用 

分 类 号：TS231[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]