国家礼制对中国传统文明秩序的构建  

The Construction of Traditional Chinese Civilizational Order Through State Ritual Systems

作　　者：薛洁[1] Xue Jie

机构地区：[1]吉林大学行政学院暨国家治理协同创新中心

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2024年第6期179-187,I0004,I0005,共11页Jiangsu Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家礼仪制度与政治文明建设研究”(22&ZD170)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：礼是中华文明的核心,创造了符合中国地理历史特征的政治传统与社会秩序。商周与秦汉两个时期开创了适应农业社会的“大一统”格局,周秦礼制在事功、疆域和物质文明上为统一国家与民族的形成奠定了稳固的思想文化基础。几千年来,各民族政权继承与发展汉“礼”,各朝礼制在儒家伦理价值观的引导下推行教化,于不断变革完善之中逐步构建起尊卑有序的共同体秩序,并由于礼义文化对社会伦理关系的全方位塑造而闪烁着文明的光辉。相较于西方的基督教文明,中华文明显现的延续性特征得益于各朝重视通过官方修典来总结兴衰治乱的智慧经验,通过构建中央集权体制来实现对天下土地与人口资源的全面掌控,以及宗法体系形成的集体主义传统和“家国一体”的整体秩序观。在中国走向现代化的过程中,礼制中以长幼亲疏为基础的人伦法则正是中国传统文化对世界文明的贡献。Ritual(Li)constitutes the core of Chinese civilization,having created political traditions and social orders aligned with China's geographical and historical characteristics.The Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Qin and Han Dynasties established a"grand unification"pattern adapted to agricultural society,with the ritual system of the Zhou and Qin dynasties laying solid ideological and cultural foundations for national and ethnic unification through its achievements in governance,territory,and material civilization.Over millennia,various ethnic regimes inheritedand developed the Han concept of"Li",with successive dynasties implementing cultural cultivation guided by Confucian ethical values.This process gradually constructed a hierarchically ordered communal system that emanated civilizational brilliance through ritual culture's comprehensive shaping of social ethical relations.Compared to Western Christian civilization,Chinese civilization's continuity benefits from several factors:emphasis throughout various dynasties on official compilations to summarize historical wisdom regarding prosperity and decline,the establishment of centralized systems for comprehensive control over land and human resources,and the collectivist tradition formed by the clan system alongside an integrated"family-state"order.In China's modernization process,the ritual system's principles of human relations,based on age hierarchy and kinship proximity,represent traditional Chinese culture's contribution to world civilization.

关 键 词：国家礼制 共同体 中央集权 文明秩序 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学] K892.9[历史地理—民俗学]