比较文学的“中国学派”:范式转换与知识体系建构  

The“Chinese School”of Comparative Literature:Paradigm Shift and Knowledge System Construction

作　　者：纪建勋 Ji Jianxun

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学都市文化研究中心,上海200233 [2]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2024年第10期164-176,180,共14页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“明清基督教在中国文化发展中的整体影响研究”(21AZJ003)。

摘　　要：伴随着国际比较文学发展来到第三阶段,比较文学的方法论也相应发生了范式转换,具体包括基于文学现象同源性的影响研究、基于文学规律同理性的平行研究、基于异质文明同情性的跨文化研究。范式转换后的比较文学,就发展阶段而言,可以分为法国学派、美国学派、中国学派;就比较范式而言,可以分为影响研究、平行研究、跨文化研究;就学理逻辑而言,可以分为相交模式、平行模式、异面模式(多样性模式)。比较文学是跨文化交流之桥,而比较文学史就是跨文化交流中那个最有效用的“公垂线”。通过比较文学史可以把比较文学研究“无方向的流”编成序列,进而以恰当的方式把比较文学与比较文学教学连通起来。把关于本门学科知识体系建构最重要的比较文学、比较文学史与比较文学教学这三驾马车联动起来协同发展,或可是比较文学本体矛盾的一种解决之道,也即国际比较文学第三阶段的范式转换与知识体系建构的答案之一。With the advancement of international comparative literature into its third stage,the methodology of comparative literature has undergone a corresponding paradigm shift.Specifically,this includes impact studies based on the homology of literary phenomena,parallel studies grounded in the rationality of literary laws,and cross-cultural studies rooted in the empathy towards heterogeneous civilizations.Post-paradigm shift,comparative literature can be categorized,in terms of developmental stages,into the French school,the American school and the Chinese school;in terms of comparative paradigms,it can be divided into impact studies,parallel studies and cross-cultural studies;and in terms of theoretical logic,it can be classified into intersecting patterns,parallel patterns and oblique patterns(or patterns of diversity).Comparative literature serves as a bridge for cross-cultural communication,and the history of comparative literature functions as the most effective“common perpendicular”in this exchange.Through the history of comparative literature,the“undirected flow”of comparative literature studies can be sequenced and thus connected to the teaching of comparative literature in an appropriate manner.Linking the three key components of a disciplinary knowledge system—comparative literature,the history of comparative literature,and the teaching of comparative literature—for coordinated development may offer a solution to the ontological contradiction of comparative literature.In other words,it presents one answer to the paradigm shift and knowledge system construction in the third stage of international comparative literature.

关 键 词：比较文学 比较文学史 比较文学教学 比较文学本体矛盾 多样性模式 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论]