基于非靶代谢组学分析茶源微生物发酵对晒青绿茶特征化合物的影响  

Analysis of the Impact of Tea-derived Microbial Fermentation on the Characteristic Compounds of Sun-dried Green Tea Based on Non-targeted Metabolomics

作　　者：杨煌建[1] 陈洲琴 郑木创 吕婉琪 吕英锋 罗立津[1] 张祝兰[1] 连云阳[1] YANG Huang-Jian;CHEN Zhou-Qin;ZHENG Mu-Chuang;LYUWan-Qi;LYU Ying-Feng;LUO Li-Jin;ZHANG Zhu-Lan;LIAN Yun-Yang(Fujian Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products,Fujian Institute of Microbiology,Fuzhou 350007,China;Guangdong North Indust Trial and Commercial Institutes of Green Skincare Co.,Ltd.,Shantou 515100,China;Guangdong Yalijie Fine Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Shantou 515100,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省微生物研究所福建省新药(微生物)筛选重点实验室,福州350007 [2]广东北工商绿色护肤品研究院有限公司,汕头515100 [3]广东雅丽洁精细化工有限公司,汕头515100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第12期2859-2869,共11页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：汕头市精细化工企业引进科技领军人才团队以及进口替代技术攻关专项资金(221104105210004)。

摘　　要：茶源微生物接种发酵可改善绿茶品质和口感,从而为绿茶加工和处理提供新的思路。本研究利用从茶(Camellia sinensis)鲜叶分离得到的菌株—副黄假单胞菌(Pseudomonas parafulva)T1和汉斯德巴氏酵母菌(Debaryomyces hansenii)T12对绿茶进行纯种液态发酵,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UHPLC-QTOF-MS)对发酵前后绿茶样品进行非靶向代谢组学分析,共筛选出118个标志性差异代谢物;T1发酵后含量显著提高的差异代谢物有黄嘌呤、茶碱和3-甲基黄嘌呤,咖啡碱和可可碱显著减少;T12发酵后含量显著提高的差异代谢物有没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素和茶黄素,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和水解单宁显著减少。通过KEGG数据库进行代谢通路富集分析,结果表明,T1菌发酵绿茶中的代谢通路主要富集于乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙素的生物合成和咖啡碱代谢,T12菌发酵绿茶中的代谢通路主要富集于酪氨酸代谢、鞘脂类代谢、丙氨酸、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成和花青素合成。因此,茶源微生物发酵使晒青绿茶的代谢物组成和含量发生了显著变化。本研究为绿茶发酵加工定向设计和功效评价提供参考依据。The inoculation and fermentation of tea-origin microorganisms can enhance the quality and flavor of green tea,thus offering novel perspectives for the processing and treatment of green tea.In this study,the effects of liquid fermentation of P.parafulva T1 and D.Hansenii T12 isolated from fresh tea(Camellia sinensis)leaves on green tea were investigated.Non-targeted metabolomics studies were carried out on the green tea samples before and after fermentation was performed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF-MS),and a total of 118 characteristic differential metabolites were screened out.After fermentation with T1,the contents of significant differential metabolites such as xanthine,theophylline,and 3-methylxanthine were significantly increased,while the contents of caffeine and theobromine were significantly decreased.After fermentation with T12,the contents of differential metabolites such as gallic acid,catechin,epicatechin,gallocatechin,epigallocatechin,and theaflavin significantly increased,while epigallocatechin gallate and hydrolyzable tannins significantly decreased.Through metabolic pathway enrichment analysis in the KEGG database,the result showed that the metabolic pathways in green tea fermented by T1 bacteria were mainly enriched in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,phenylalanine metabolism,biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,and caffeine metabolism,while the metabolic pathways in green tea fermented by T12 bacteria were mainly enriched in tyrosine metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,alanine,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis,and anthocyanin synthesis.Consequently,the fermentation with tea-origin microorganisms had brought about remarkable changes in the composition and content of metabolites in sun-dried green tea.Through the screening and analysis of differential metabolites,this study provides an experimental basis for the fermentation and utilization of green tea.

关 键 词：绿茶 发酵 汉斯德巴氏菌 副黄假单胞菌 非靶向代谢组学 化学成分 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] TS201.3[农业科学—作物学]