生态安全格局视角下黄土高原生态网络韧性研究  

A study on the resilience of ecological networks in the Loess Plateau from the perspective of ecological security patterns

作　　者：杨亮洁[1,2] 张玲玲 张芳宁 杨永春 罗亚玲[1] YANG Liangjie;ZHANG Lingling;ZHANG Fangning;YANG Yongchun;LUO Yaling(School of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Resources,Environment and Sustainable Development in Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Resources and Environment,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Western Environmental Education of Lanzhou University,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室,兰州730070 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [4]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第22期10471-10485,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目-软科学专项(23JRZA402);国家自然科学基金地区项目(42361031,41961030);西北师范大学绿洲科学科研成果突破行动计划项目(NWNU-LZKX-202306)。

摘　　要：生态网络韧性是生态系统面对不确定性扰动的抵抗、恢复及适应能力,是生态系统研究的热点。从生态安全格局视角构建“水资源⁃水土保持⁃沙漠化⁃生态系统质量”生态安全格局评价体系,识别生态源地,应用MCR模型提取廊道,分析黄土高原生态安全格局特征;应用引力模型构建生态网络,分析黄土高原生态网络韧性特征和核心节点影响广度和强度;应用网络鲁棒性模型模拟不同情境下黄土高原生态网络韧性变化。结果表明:(1)黄土高原生态源地和廊道空间异质性显著,北部密集南部稀疏,呈东北⁃西南走向的带状分布,核心源地主要分布在高原北部的内蒙古自治区和榆林市;(2)黄土高原生态网络呈组团模式,网络传输效率较高,网络联系呈现邻近效应和偏好依附效应;网络结构层级性显著,核心节点对网络的控制及辐射带动效应强;(3)蓄意攻击和随机故障情境下,黄土高原生态网络连通鲁棒性和脆弱鲁棒性均显著下降,但网络连通性下降更显著,网络易破碎,生态网络脆弱;蓄意攻击情景下网络韧性下降更显著,核心节点对生态网络控制及辐射带动效应强,影响范围广、强度大。保护核心源地,加强边缘源地间的联系,形成密集的多核心组团式生态网络,提升黄土高原生态环境质量。The resilience of ecological networks refers to the ecosystem′s capacity to withstand,recover from,and adapt to unpredictable disturbances,which stands at the forefront of contemporary ecosystem research.This paper developed an evaluation framework for the ecological security pattern,focusing on“water resources,soil and water conservation,desertification,and ecosystem quality.”It identified ecological sources,extracts corridors utilizing the MCR model,and scrutinized the characteristics of the ecological security pattern on the Loess Plateau.The gravity model was employed to establish an ecological network,enabling an examination of the resilience traits inherent in the network,along with an analysis of the scope and strength of influence exerted by core nodes.The network robustness model was utilized to simulate the variations in ecological network resilience across diverse scenarios on the Loess Plateau.The findings revealed that:(1)there was notable spatial heterogeneity in ecological source areas and corridors across the Loess Plateau.The ecological source areas exhibited dense distribution in the north and sparse distribution in the south,demonstrating a northeastern to southwestern trend.The primary core source areas were predominantly situated in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Yulin City.(2)The ecological network of the Loess Plateau operated in a clustered mode,characterized by high transmission efficiency and exhibiting a proximity effect and preference dependence effect in network connections.The network structure displayed a clear hierarchy,with core nodes exerting significant control and exerting a driving influence on network dynamics through radiation effects.(3)In the face of deliberate attacks and random failures,both the connectivity robustness and vulnerability robustness of the Loess Plateau ecological network experienced noticeable declines.However,the reduction in network connectivity was more pronounced,rendering the network fragile and indicating fragility in the ecological

关 键 词：生态网络韧性 MCR模型 引力模型 鲁棒性模型 黄土高原 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]