美国孤独症儿童的祖父母照料者支持政策与启示  

Grandparent Caregivers Support Policies and Implications for Children With Autism in the United States

作　　者：郭丽娜 王琳琳 GUO Lina;WANG Linlin(Faculty of Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,650500)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,昆明650500

出　　处：《现代特殊教育》2024年第22期43-50,共8页Modern Special Education

基　　金：2021年度云南省社科基金项目“云南农村残疾儿童家庭污名风险的形成机制与社会工作路径研究”(QN202117)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：由于孤独症患病率上升和孤独症儿童父母较大的家庭育儿压力,对祖父母隔代照料孤独症儿童的需求不断增加。在照料孤独症孙辈的过程中,祖父母照料者面临经济困难、住房短缺和精神压力较大等问题。为此,美国多次颁布相关法律,出台政策,在权利、经济、服务和住房等方面为这类祖父母照料者提供支持。这些支持政策通过多元主体协同参与,形成祖父母照料者支持合力,其中强有力的法律基础保障了支持效度,以人为本的价值取向提升了支持质量。结合美国经验与我国基本国情,建议立法强化孤独症儿童家庭获取支持的权利,以需求为导向在养老服务体系建设中增设祖父母照料者支持项目,赋权增能提升父母养育效能感和加大孤独症儿童社会融合支持。Due to the escalating prevalence of autism and the increasing parental pressure,there is a growing need for grandparents to take care of children with autism across generations.Grandparent caregivers encounter financial challenges,housing shortages,and mental stress while caring for their autistic grandchildren.The United States has consistently implemented laws and policies to support these grandparent caregivers in terms of rights,finances,services,and housing.These supportive policies form a strong legal basis through collaborative participation of multiple stakeholders to ensure the validity of support,with strong legal basis to ensure the validity of support,and people-oriented value orientation to improve the quality of support.Drawing from the experience of the United States and considering China’s basic national conditions,this paper proposes enacting legislation to establish families’right to obtain support for autistic children,incorporating a demand-oriented grandparent caregiver support project into the construction of elderly care service systems,and strengthening parents to enhance their parenting effectiveness while increasing social integration support for autistic children.

关 键 词：孤独症 祖父母照料者 美国 特殊教育 

分 类 号：G769[文化科学—特殊教育学]