汉语阅读中的语义相似度效应:语义预测的证据  

Semantic Similarity Effects in Chinese Reading:Evidence for Semantic Prediction

作　　者：常敏 张阔[2] 孙悦[3] 李莎 王敬欣[3] Min CHANG;Kuo ZHANG;Yue SUN;Sha LI;Jingxin WANG(College of Educational Sciences,Nantong University,Nantong 226019;School of Sociology,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;School of Psychology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117)

机构地区：[1]南通大学教育科学学院,南通226019 [2]南开大学社会学院,天津300350 [3]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [4]福建师范大学心理学院,福州350117

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2024年第4期442-449,共8页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271119);江苏省教育科学规划重点课题(B/2023/01/109)。

摘　　要：采用眼动追踪技术,探讨汉语阅读中预测加工普遍发生在词汇水平还是语义水平。操纵句子中的目标词为高预测词和三种水平的低预测词,高预测词和低预测词之间的语义相似度逐渐降低(L1>L2>L3)。结果发现,在早期眼动指标上,低预测词和高预测词之间的语义相似度越低,读者对低预测词的加工时间越长,即语义相似度效应显著,体现了渐进性的语义预测特征;此外,语境限制性调节预测加工。研究结果支持“语义预测”观点。This study investigated whether predictive processing during Chinese reading predominantly occurs at the lexical level or semantic level by employing eye-tracking technology.The experiment manipulated target words within sentences to create conditions with either high-predictable or low-predictable words across three levels,with the semantic similarity between high-predictable and low-predictable words decreasing progressively(L1>L2>L3).The results revealed that as the semantic similarity between low-predictable and high-predictable words decreased,the processing time for low-predictable words increased in early eye movement measures.This finding demonstrates a significant semantic similarity effect,highlighting the graded nature of semantic prediction.Additionally,contextual constraints are shown to modulate predictive processing.These results provide support for the“semantic prediction”account.

关 键 词：词汇预测 语义预测 语境限制性 汉语阅读 眼动 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]