陕北旱区不同种植模式对青贮玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of different planting patterns on maize silage yield and water use efficiency in arid regions of Northern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：刘娇娇 张培培 纪晓玲[1] 王江涛 张雄[1] LIU Jiao-jiao;ZHANG Pei-pei;JI Xiao-ling;WANG Jiang-tao;ZHANG Xiong

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第20期129-134,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:41967013、31751001);中央引导地方科技发展资金陕西省工程技术研究中心项目(项目编号:2022ZY2-GCZX-05);陕西省农业农村厅农业科技创新驱动项目(项目编号:2022NYT01);榆林市科技计划产学研合作项目(项目编号:CXY-2022-70)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究陕北旱区青贮玉米最佳种植模式,设置膜际栽培(MJ)、双沟覆膜(SG)、全膜双垄沟播(QM)3种不同地膜覆盖栽培模式,以不覆膜平作(CK)为对照,测定不同种植模式下土壤水热状况、青贮玉米的产量及水分利用效率等指标。结果显示:与CK相比,各覆膜种植模式均能够提高0~60 cm土层土壤平均含水率,增加0~20 cm土层土壤平均温度,提高青贮玉米收获期株高、茎粗及干物质积累量,鲜草、干草产量分别增加13.35%~41.22%、30.17%~50.80%,生物鲜重水分利用效率及生物产量水分利用效率分别提高12.10%~40.31%、28.75%~50.24%。SG与MJ处理饲草分级指数显著高于CK(P<0.05)。研究表明,MJ种植模式可在保证青贮玉米产量与品质的同时减少了地膜使用量,增加了残膜回收率,有利于促进农业的绿色可持续发展,适宜用于该地区青贮玉米的种植。The experiment aimed to explore the optimal planting patterns for maize silage in the arid regions of Northern Shaanxi Province.Three different mulching cultivation patterns were set up:Inter-ridge mulching(MJ),double furrow mulching(SG),and full-film double ridge and furrow sowing(QM),with non-mulched flat cultivation(CK)as the control.The soil water and thermal conditions,as well as the yield and water use efficiency of silage maize under different planting patterns were measured.The results showed that compared to CK,all mulching planting patterns were able to increase the average soil water content in the 0~60 cm soil layer and increase the average soil temperature in the 0~20 cm soil layer.They also increased the plant height,stem thickness,and dry matter accumulation of silage maize at harvest,with fresh and dry forage yields increasing by 13.35%~41.22%and 30.17%~50.80%,respectively.The water use efficiency for biological fresh weight and biological yield water use efficiency were improved by 12.10%~40.31%and 28.75%~50.24%,respectively.The forage grading index of SG and MJ was significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05).The study indicates that the MJ planting pattern,while ensuring yield and quality,reduces the use of mulch film and increases the recovery rate of residual film,which is conducive to promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture and is suitable for the cultivation of silage corn in this region.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 种植模式 干物质积累量 水分利用效率 营养品质 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]